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Table 2 Association of estimated dietary intakes of fatty acids with endometrial cancer risk in the EPIC cohort

From: Dietary fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

p trend†

q trend§

 

Reference

      

Total SFA a

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

13.49 ± 2.79

19.88 ± 1.47

25.01 ± 1.53

31.12 ± 2.11

44.59 ± 9.16

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

460/59,404

389/59,475

379/59,484

338/59,526

320/59,543

  

 h (95% CI) *

1.00

0.89 (0.77;1.03)

0.91 (0.77;1.06)

0.87 (0.73;1.05)

0.94 (0.75;1.18)

0.45

0.86

Palmitic acid (16:0)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

7.51 ± 1.45

10.77 ± 0.74

13.30 ± 0.75

16.25 ± 0.99

22.49 ± 4.15

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

442/59,422

402/59,462

396/59,467

335/59,529

311/59,552

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.95 (0.82;1.10)

0.96 (0.81;1.12)

0.88 (0.73;1.06)

0.90 (0.71;1.14)

0.25

0.86

Stearic acid (18:0)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

3.10 ± 0.66

4.61 ± 0.34

5.79 ± 0.35

7.20 ± 0.48

10.24 ± 2.12

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

420/59,444

395/59,469

388/59,475

365/59,499

318/59,594

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.96 (0.82;1.11)

0.91 (0.78; 1.11)

0.91 (0.76;1.09)

0.85 (0.68;1.07)

0.19

0.82

Total cis -MUFA b

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

13.79 ± 2.64

19.86 ± 1.40

24.77 ± 1.48

30.82 ± 2.13

44.61 ± 9.49

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

437/59,427

404/59,460

403/59,460

359/59,505

283/59,580

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.02 (0.88;1.18)

1.09 (0.93;1.29)

1.06 (0.87;1.29)

0.99 (0.77;1.28)

0.72

0.96

Oleic acid (18:1n-9)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

12.72 ± 2.45

18.45 ± 1.33

23.14 ± 1.42

28.96 ± 2.04

42.32 ± 9.26

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

448/59,417

402/59,461

391/59,472

365/59,499

280/59,583

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.99 (0.86;1.15)

1.04 (0.88;1.23)

1.06 (0.87;1.29)

0.97 (0.75;1.25)

0.74

0.96

Total ruminant trans fatty acids d

       

Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)

6.00 ± 3.00

15.00 ± 3.00

29.00 ± 5.00

52.00 ± 8.00

120.00 ± 57.00

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

493/59,372

362/59,502

386/59,476

330/59,534

315/59,548

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.95 (0.81;1.11)

1.10 (0.93;1.29)

1.02 (0.85;1.22)

1.13 (0.93;1.38)

0.22

0.86

Total industrial trans fatty acids e

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

0.30 ± 0.14

0.73 ± 0.12

1.20 ± 0.15

1.93 ± 0.28

4.19 ± 1.68

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

358/59,506

356/59,508

369/59,494

391/59,473

412/59,451

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.12 (0.95;1.32)

1.08 (0.91;1.29)

1.08 (0.90;1.30)

1.05 (0.86;1.27)

0.92

0.98

Elaidic acid (18:1n-9/12)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

0.27 ± 0.13

0.69 ± 0.12

1.13 ± 0.15

1.85 ± 0.28

4.13 ± 1.68

  

Cases/non cases (n)

357/59,507

353/59,511

364/59,499

398/59,466

414/59,449

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.12 (0.95;1.33)

1.09 (0.91;1.31)

1.11 (0.92;1.34)

1.06 (0.87; 1.30)

0.77

0.96

Total cis n-6 PUFA f

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

6.51 ± 1.17

9.21 ± 0.63

11.43 ± 0.67

14.20 ± 0.98

20.76 ± 4.83

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

468/59,396

360/59,504

360/59,503

389/59,475

309/59,554

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.87 (0.75;1.01)

0.87 (0.74;1.02)

1.01 (0.85;1.20)

0.83 (0.67;1.01)

0.43

0.86

Linoleic acid (18:2n-6)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

6.48 ± 1.16

9.18 ± 0.63

11.40 ± 0.67

14.15 ± 0.97

20.70 ± 4.80

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

468/59,396

358/59,506

364/59,499

386/59,478

310/59,553

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.86 (0.75;1.00)

0.88 (0.75;1.03)

1.00 (0.85;1.19)

0.83 (0.68;1.02)

0.46

0.86

γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)

2.48 ± 0.86

4.92 ± 0.66

7.38 ± 0.78

10.91 ± 0.38

21.79 ± 9.58

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

388/59,495

393/59,454

414/59,461

378/59,474

313/59,548

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.92 (0.80;1.07)

0.97 (0.83;1.13)

0.91 (0.78;1.08)

0.77 (0.64;0.92)

0.01

0.15

Total long-chain n-6 PUFA g

       

Mean Intake ± SD (mg/d)

8.00 ± 3.00

17.00 ± 2.00

24.00 ± 2.00

34.00 ± 4.00

61.00 ± 24.00

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

356/59,510

396/59,471

386/59,477

390/59,473

358/59,501

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.94 (0.81;1.10)

0.96 (0.81;1.12)

0.99 (0.84;1.17)

0.93 (0.77;1.11)

0.65

0.96

Total cis n-3 PUFA h

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

0.29 ± 0.08

0.49 ± 0.05

0.67 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.10

1.70 ± 0.61

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

350/59,514

372/59,492

341/59,522

395/59,469

428/59,435

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.00 (0.85;1.17)

0.91 (0.77;1.08)

0.97 (0.81;1.15)

0.91 (0.75;1.10)

0.33

0.86

α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)

       

Mean Intake ± SD (g/d)

0.15 ± 0.05

0.27 ± 0.03

0.38 ± 0.04

0.56 ± 0.07

1.10 ± 0.44

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

367/59,497

405/59,461

379/59,482

350/59,515

385/59,477

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.08 (0.93;1.26)

1.05 (0.89;1.23)

0.96 (0.81;1.14)

0.94 (0.78;1.14)

0.27

0.86

Total long-chain n-3 PUFA i

       

Mean Intake (mg/d)

40.00 ± 21.00

115.00 ± 21.00

198.00 ± 27.00

338.00 ± 61.00

933.00 ± 609.00

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

333/59,531

320/59,545

363/59,499

401/59,463

469/59,394

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

0.91 (0.77;1.07)

0.95 (0.80;1.12)

0.95 (0.80;1.13)

0.95 (0.79;1.15)

0.84

0.96

Ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA

       

Mean Intake ± SD

7.76 ± 2.29

13.06 ± 1.24

17.47 ± 1.34

23.16 ± 2.07

39.06 ± 28.95

  

Cases/non-cases (n)

491/59,373

419/59,445

334/59,529

334/59,530

308/59,555

  

 h (95% CI)*

1.00

1.11 (0.96;1.28)

0.96 (0.81;1.13)

1.03 (0.86;1.22)

1.04 (0.86;1.24)

0.98

0.98

  1. HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval
  2. † P or q values < 0.05 are shown in boldface type
  3. § Value for FDR (False Discovery Rate) correction
  4. * Stratified by study center and age (in one-year categories), andadjusted for BMI (continuous), number of full-term pregnancies (number of live born and/or still born children; 0, 1–2, 3–4; >4; missing), smoking status (never, former, current), oral contraceptive or HRT use (never or ever), menopausal status at enrolment (premenopausal; postmenopausal; perimenopausal/unknown menopause), age at menarche (continuous) and total energy intake (continuous)
  5. a Total SFA included 4:0, 6:0, 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0; b Odd chain fatty acids included 15:0, 17:0; c Total cis MUFA included 16:1n-7, 16:1n-9, 17:1, 18:1n-5, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 20:1, 22:1, 24:1; d Total trans ruminant fatty acids included 18:1n-7t, CLA; e Total trans industrial fatty acids included 16:1n-9t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6tt, 18:3n-3ttt; f Total n-6 PUFA included 18:2, 18:3, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4; g Total long-chain n-6 PUFA included 20:2, 20:3, 20:4; h Total n-3 PUFA included 18:3, 20:3, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6; i Total long-chain n-3 PUFA included 20:3, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6; j Total cis-PUFA included total n-6 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA