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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Dietary fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

EPIC-wide study

  

Endometrial cancer cases

Non cases*

N = 299,318

n = 1,886

n = 297,432

Histological subtypes, number, (%**)

  

Type I§

1690

(89.6)

-

Type II§

90

(4.7)

-

Follow-up characteristics

Mean ± SD**

  

Age at recruitment, years

54.9 ± 7.5

50.2 ± 9.9

Age at diagnosis, years

63.7 ± 8.1

-

Follow-up, years

8.8 ± 4.7

14.0 ± 3.8

Anthropometry Mean ± SD**

  

Weight, kg

70.9 ± 13.9

65.3 ± 11.6

Height, cm

162.2 ± 6.6

162.3 ± 6.7

BMI, kg/m2

26.9 ± 5.3

24.8 ± 4.4

Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), %**

24.2

12.1

Reproductive and hormone factors

  

Number of full-term pregnancies#

1.9 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.2

Nulliparous, %

16.4

15.6

Ever use Oral contraceptives, %**

  

Never

58.6

40.2

Ever

41.4

59.7

Ever use hormone replacement therapy##, %**

  

Never

66.3

76.9

Ever

33.7

23.1

Ever breastfed#, %**

  

No

28.7

27.9

Yes

71.3

72.1

Menopausal Status, %**

  

Premenopausal

20.5

38.2

Post-menopausal

59.5

43.8

Perimenopausal

19.6

17.7

Age at menopause##

50.9 ± 4.1

49.3 ± 4.4

Socio-economic status and lifestyle

  

Total energy intake, Kcal/day

1949.5 ± 539.8

1993.1 ± 546.1

Alcohol intake, %**

  

None

18.5

16.4

< 5 g/day

32.7

31.9

5 to ≤ 14.9 g/day

28.2

30.1

15.0 to < 29.9 g/day

12.7

13.2

≥29.9 g/day

7.3

7.7

Education status, %

  

None and primary school

33.8

27.8

Technical or professional and secondary school

44.1

45.0

Higher education

17.8

23.6

Physical activity status, %**

  

Inactive

14.2

15.2

Moderately inactive

34.5

35.9

Moderately active

43.4

40.7

Active

7.9

8.2

Smoking status, %**

  

Never

62.7

56.8

Former

21.7

22.9

Current

Other non-communicable diseases

number, (%**)

15.5

20.2

Diabetes

68

(4.1)

6149

(2.2)

Hyperlipidemia

205

(15.7)

30,481

(13.5)

Hypertension

452

(29.4)

48,832

(18.8)

Myocardial infarction

20

(1.2)

1754

(0.6)

Stroke

17

(1.1)

1783

(0.7)

Dietary intake, (g/day)

Median (95%CI)**

  

Dairy products

255.3 (245.7-265.2)

242.2 (241.4-242.9)

Fruits, nuts and seeds

199.6 (192.4-207.1)

190.6 (190.0-191.2)

Vegetables

168.7 (163.7-173.9)

178.1 (177.7-178.5)

Cereal and cereal products

173.1 (169.3-176.9)

182.5 (182.1-182.8)

Meat and meat products

71.3 (68.3–74.5)

61.3 (61.1–61.6)

Fish and shellfish

28.6 (27.2–29.9)

26.6 (26.5–26.7)

Egg and egg products

11.8 (11.3–12.4)

11.5 (16.7–18.3)

Fat

19.4 (18.8–20.1)

20.0 (19.9–20.1)

Fatty acid intake ###

(g/day or mg/day)

Median (95%CI)**

  

SFA (g/day)

23.7 (11.2–45.8)

24.9 (11.7–48.3)

Cis MUFA (g/day)

23.4 (11.3–45.2)

24.7 (12.1–48.5)

rTFA (mg/day)

22.9 (3.1-116.4)

27.9 (4.3-134.5)

iTFA (g/day)

1.2 (0.1–5.3)

1.2 (0.2–4.9)

n-6 PUFA (g/day)

11.0 (5.4–21.4)

11.4 (5.8–22.5)

n-6 linoleic acid (g/day)

10.9 (5.3–21.3)

11.38 (5.7–22.4)

n-6 γ-Linolenic acid (mg/day)

6.9 (1.9–22.5)

7.3 (1.8–24.3)

n-6 long-chain PUFA (mg/day)

23.7 (7.4–66.7)

24.2 (5.5–66.0)

n-3 PUFA (mg/day)

701.5 (254.0-1945.3)

667.2 (237.5-1913.2)

n-3 α-linolenic acid (mg/day)

379.4 (116.7-1263.6)

382.2 (117.5-1251.9)

n-3 long-chain PUFA (mg/day)

229.1 (28.8-1156.8)

198.1 (21.7-1051.9)

  1. *Considered as non-cases at the most recent cancer endpoint and vital status update
  2. **Continuous variables are presented as means and standard deviations (SD) or median (95%CI). Categorical variables are presented as percentages. Missing values were excluded from percentage calculations
  3. § Type I included: adenocarcinoma (NOS), adenocarcinoma in adenomatous polyp, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (NOS), mucinous adenocarcinoma, mucin-producing adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia. Type II included: squamous cell carcinoma (NOS), clear cell adenocarcinoma (NOS), mixed cell adenocarcinoma, serous cystadenocarcinoma (NOS) or papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
  4. #Among parous women
  5. ##Among postmenopausal women only
  6. ###Groupings of fatty acids are as described in the methods, assessment of dietary fatty acids intake