Table 2 Summary of changes observed in tissue and serum and their tentative assignments. Assignments were made from the glycosylation database and the literature-based general database [27, 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36, 65, 66]. NA = neuraminic acid
From: Glycosylation spectral signatures for glioma grade discrimination using Raman spectroscopy
Tissue observations (cm− 1) | Tentative assignments | |
|---|---|---|
II < III | 400–790 | All glycans except NA |
790–900 | Galactosamine, galactose, fucose, NA, glucose | |
950–1000 | Glucosamine, galactosamine, NA, fucose | |
1000–1150 | All glycans | |
1750–1800 | Galactose | |
859 | Glucose (843) | |
912 | Glucose (910–911) | |
1094 | Mannose (1095) | |
400–780 | Cholesterol and proteins (446–476, 700–703), proteins (500–550, 636–646), DNA (498, 676), proteins and DNA (725–729), haemoglobin (670), DNA, proteins, and haemoglobin (743–790) | |
790–900 | Collagen (818), proteins (823, 880–890), proteins, collagen, and GAG (857) | |
950–1000 | Proteins (959, 1003) | |
1000–1150 | Proteins (1032, 1127), lipids (1064–1068, 1129), phospholipids and collagen (1074), | |
1500–1620 | DNA, proteins, haemoglobin (1573–1585), proteins (1602–1607) | |
III < II | 1250–1360 | Amide III (1230–1306), cytochrome C (1358), lipids (1263), phospholipids (1313), collagen (1323) |
IV < III | 400–790 | All glycans except NA |
850–920 | Fucose, glucose, NA, galactose | |
950–1000 | Glucosamine, galactosamine, NA, fucose | |
1750–1800 | Galactose | |
1510–1550 | Carotenoids (1521) | |
III < IV | 1210–1350 | Haemoglobin (1225), GAG (1242), proteins, collagen, lipids (1230–1306), lipids (1263), phospholipids (1313), collagen, proteins (1322), DNA, proteins (1331–1338) |
Serum observations (cm − 1 ) | Tentative assignments | |
III > CTRL | 400–610 | Galactose, mannose, fucose, glucose, galactosamine |
680–860 | All glycans | |
1010–1120 | ||
1290–1340 | Glucose, NA, glucosamine, galactosamine | |
1700–1750 | Lipids (1732) | |
III < CTRL | 1420–1470 | Phospholipids (1441–1445) |
1610–1660 | Lipids (1654) | |
III > IV | 420–600 | All glycans except NA |
680–860 | Galactose, galactosamine, NA, fucose, glucose | |
1000–1130 | All glycans | |
1210–1340 | Glucose, galactose, glucosamine, glactosamine | |
450–500 | Cholesterols (446–476, 700–703) | |
689–750 | ||
1010–1070 | Lipids (1064–1068, 1220–1306, 1400, 1732) | |
1290–1340 | ||
1380 | ||
1700–1750 | ||
1145–1160 | Carotenoids (1157, 1521) | |
1500–1520 | ||
III < IV | 880–920 | Glucose (910–911), proteins (880–890) |