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Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts (N(%))

From: Development and validation of nomogram of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer based on simplified clinicopathological features and serum tumor markers

Characteristics

 

Training cohort

P

Internal validation cohort

P

External validation cohort

P

 

Non metastasis

metastasis

 

Non metastasis

metastasis

 

Non metastasis

metastasis

 

groups

N = 1640

N = 309

 

N = 569

N = 135

 

N = 697

N = 130

 

Gender (%)

Male

1105 (67.38)

201 (65.05)

0.4636

379 (66.61)

77 (57.04)

0.0463

476 (68.29)

73 (56.15)

0.0096

 

Female

535 (32.62)

108 (34.95)

 

190 (33.39)

58 (42.96)

 

221 (31.71)

57 (43.85)

 

Age (%)

 < 50

438 (26.71)

101 (32.69)

0.037

137 (24.08)

43 (31.85)

0.0798

173 (24.82)

47 (36.15)

0.01

 

 ≥ 50

1202 (73.29)

208 (67.31)

 

432 (75.92)

92 (68.15)

 

524 (75.18)

83 (63.85)

 

Smoke (%)

No

1218 (74.27)

237 (76.70)

0.4067

439 (77.15)

104 (77.04)

1

522 (74.89)

103 (79.23)

0.3443

 

Yes

422 (25.73)

72 (23.30)

 

130 (22.85)

31 (22.96)

 

175 (25.11)

27 (20.77)

 

Size (%)

 < 20 mm

389 (23.72)

13 (4.21)

 < 0.0001

151 (26.54)

8 (5.93)

 < 0.0001

150 (21.52)

15 (11.54)

0.0126

 

 ≥ 20 mm

1251 (76.28)

296 (95.79)

 

418 (73.46)

127 (94.07)

 

547 (78.48)

115 (88.46)

 

Differentiation (%)

unknown

926 (56.46)

166 (53.72)

0.1003

335 (58.88)

73 (54.07)

0.4095

405 (58.11)

71 (54.62)

0.2406

 

Low

17 (1.04)

1 (0.32)

 

8 (1.41)

1 (0.74)

 

13 (1.87)

1 (0.77)

 
 

Moderate

43 (2.62)

3 (0.97)

 

16 (2.81)

2 (1.48)

 

22 (3.16)

1 (0.77)

 
 

High

654 (39.88)

139 (44.98)

 

210 (36.91)

59 (43.70)

 

257 (36.87)

57 (43.85)

 

Type (%)

Borrmann I

384 (23.41)

31 (10.03)

 < 0.0001

142 (24.96)

18 (13.33)

 < 0.0001

153 (21.95)

12 (9.23)

 < 0.0001

 

Borrmann II

1055 (64.33)

181 (58.58)

 

355 (62.39)

75 (55.56)

 

447 (64.13)

84 (64.62)

 
 

Borrmann III

114 (6.95)

88 (28.48)

 

47 (8.26)

38 (28.15)

 

55 (7.89)

32 (24.62)

 
 

Borrmann IV

87 (5.30)

9 (2.91)

 

25 (4.39)

4 (2.96)

 

42 (6.03)

2 (1.54)

 

Location (%)

Upper

329 (20.06)

23 (7.44)

 < 0.0001

125 (21.97)

11 (8.15)

 < 0.0001

144 (20.66)

10 (7.69)

 < 0.0001

 

Medium

464 (28.29)

142 (45.95)

 

132 (23.20)

63 (46.67)

 

174 (24.96)

53 (40.77)

 
 

Lower

847 (51.65)

144 (46.60)

 

312 (54.83)

61 (45.19)

 

379 (54.38)

67 (51.54)

 

T stage(%)

unknown

418 (25.49)

104 (33.66)

 < 0.0001

146 (25.66)

34 (25.19)

 < 0.0001

178 (25.54)

33 (25.38)

 < 0.0001

 

T1

215 (13.11)

8 (2.59)

 

86 (15.11)

3 (2.22)

 

107 (15.35)

2 (1.54)

 
 

T2

329 (20.06)

23 (7.44)

 

119 (20.91)

15 (11.11)

 

126 (18.08)

8 (6.15)

 
 

T3

678 (41.34)

174 (56.31)

 

218 (38.31)

83 (61.48)

 

286 (41.03)

87 (66.92)

 

CEA (%)

Negative

1365 (83.23)

206 (66.67)

 < 0.0001

456 (80.14)

87 (64.44)

0.0002

569 (81.64)

78 (60.00)

 < 0.0001

 

Positive

275 (16.77)

103 (33.33)

 

113 (19.86)

48 (35.56)

 

128 (18.36)

52 (40.00)

 

CA19-9 (%)

Negative

1279 (77.99)

200 (64.72)

 < 0.0001

439 (77.15)

74 (54.81)

 < 0.0001

547 (78.48)

72 (55.38)

 < 0.0001

 

Positive

361 (22.01)

109 (35.28)

 

130 (22.85)

61 (45.19)

 

150 (21.52)

58 (44.62)

 

CA72-4 (%)

Negative

1230 (75.00)

157 (50.81)

 < 0.0001

453 (79.61)

62 (45.93)

 < 0.0001

524 (75.18)

66 (50.77)

 < 0.0001

 

Positive

410 (25.00)

152 (49.19)

 

116 (20.39)

73 (54.07)

 

173 (24.82)

64 (49.23)