Table 2 Performance of 3D analysis, 2D analysis, and combined analysis in various sets

Local validation set (109 PCs / 147 controls)

 3D analysis

0.771 (0.680–0.846)

0.952 (0.904–0.981)

0.875 (0.828–0.913)

0.934 (0.905–0.964)

16.18 (7.80–33.59)

0.24 (0.17–0.34)

 2D analysis

0.844 (0.762–0.906)

0.898 (0.837–0.942)

0.875 (0.828–0.913)

0.904 (0.863–0.946)

8.27 (5.09–13.45)

0.17 (0.11–0.27)

 Combined analysis

0.872 (0.794–0.928)

0.878 (0.813–0.926)

0.875 (0.828–0.913)

0.939 (0.911–0.968)

7.12 (4.59–11.04)

0.15 (0.09–0.24)

 3D and 2D in series

0.734 (0.641–0.814)

0.980 (0.942–0.996)

0.875 (0.828–0.913)

-

35.96 (11.67–110.85)

0.27 (0.20–0.37)

 3D and 2D in parallel

0.881 (0.805–0.935)

0.871 (0.806–0.920)

0.875 (0.828–0.913)

-

6.81 (4.45–10.43)

0.14 (0.08–0.23)

Nationwide test set (671 PCs / 805 controls)^a

 3D analysis

0.796 (0.763–0.826)

0.920 (0.900–0.938)

0.864 (0.845–0.881)

0.937 (0.925–0.949)

10.01 (7.89–12.70)

0.22 (0.19–0.26)

 2D analysis

0.861 (0.833–0.887)

0.822 (0.794–0.848)

0.840 (0.820–0.858)

0.913 (0.898–0.927)

4.85 (4.17–5.64)

0.17 (0.14–0.20)

 Combined analysis

0.918 (0.895–0.938)

0.822 (0.794–0.848)

0.866 (0.847–0.883)

0.947 (0.936–0.958)

5.17 (4.45–6.01)

0.10 (0.08–0.13)

 3D and 2D in series

0.742 (0.707–0.775)

0.952 (0.934–0.965)

0.856 (0.837–0.874)

-

15.32 (11.24–20.87)

0.27 (0.24–0.31)

 3D and 2D in parallel

0.915 (0.891–0.935)

0.791 (0.762–0.819)

0.848 (0.828–0.866)

-

4.39 (3.83–5.03)

0.11 (0.08–0.14)