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Table 1 Effect on Serum Biochemistry and Hepatic Lipids

From: Saroglitazar suppresses the hepatocellular carcinoma induced by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine in C57BL/6 mice fed on choline deficient, l-amino acid- defined, high-fat diet

Parameters

Normal control

Disease control

D-Saro (1 mg/kg,p.o.)

D-Saro (3 mg/kg,p.o.)

Serum

 ALT (U/L)

54.8 ± 8.1# #

350.1 ± 35.4

232.3 ± 36.9*

210.5 ± 31.4**

 AST (U/L)

74.8 ± 6.0# #

362.2 ± 36.7

231.1 ± 29.1*

203.0 ± 23.8**

 TG (mg/dl)

74.0 ± 4.9

69.4 ± 5.2

42.7 ± 3.1***

31.5 ± 3.6***

 TC (mg/dl)

194.5 ± 6.3

84.1 ± 5.5

98.1 ± 5.7

78.5 ± 4.2

 AFP level (ng/ml)

44.2 ± 3.1# #

768.1 ± 136.0

532.8 ± 95.3

447.3 ± 83.5

 OPN level (ng/ml)

50.9 ± 3.9

50.5 ± 3.8

65.1 ± 2.6**

65.9 ± 2.9**

 Adiponectin (μg/ml)

8.0 ± 0.4#

6.0 ± 0.1

9.2 ± 0.9***

14.0 ± 0.2***

 TNF-alpha level (pg/ml)

1.1 ± 0.3# #

15.0 ± 1.0

5.8 ± 0.5***

4.9 ± 0.6***

Liver

 TG (mg/g of tissue)

50.8 ± 2.2# #

102.6 ± 13.7

66.4 ± 8.7*

45.7 ± 8.2***

 TC (mg/g of tissue)

4.06 ± 0.5# #

20.0 ± 4.2

9.8 ± 2.4*

6.1 ± 1.2**

 MDA (μg/gm of tissue)

20.0 ± 1.2# #

333.9 ± 59.2

18.1 ± 0.8***

21.9 ± 1.7***

  1. Values are expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 6–15). One way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was applied for statistics. * indicates significance at p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus Disease control group. # indicates significance of control diet (Normal control) versus Disease control, at p < 0.05 and # # p < 0.01. AST- aspartate aminotransferase. ALT Alanine aminotransferase, TG Triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, AFP Alpha fetoprotein, OPN Osteopontin, TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MDA Malondialdehyde.