Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the Study Participants
Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse (n = 51) | Usual Care (n = 55) | |
|---|---|---|
Age, years | 69 (63–78) | 71 (65–78) |
Male | 40 (78.4) | 41 (74.5) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 23.6 ± 2.8 |
Smoking status | ||
Never | 13 (25.5) | 19 (34.5) |
Former | 20 (39.2) | 23 (41.8) |
Current | 18 (35.3) | 13 (23.6) |
Smoking intensity, pack-years | 22.5 (0.5–40.0) | 29.0 (0.0–40.0) |
Comorbidities | ||
Hypertension | 24 (47.1) | 24 (43.6) |
Diabetes | 11 (21.6) | 15 (27.3) |
Coronary heart disease | 3 (5.9) | 9 (16.4) |
Congestive heart failure | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |
Stroke | 4 (7.8) | 1 (1.8) |
Chronic kidney disease | 4 (7.8) | 3 (5.5) |
Chronic liver disease | 1 (2.0) | 2 (3.6) |
COPD | 5 (9.8) | 3 (5.5) |
Asthma | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Final diagnosisa | ||
Malignant | 45 (88.2) | 47 (85.5) |
Primary lung cancer | 42 (82.4) | 43 (78.2) |
Adenocarcinoma | 20 (39.2) | 23 (41.8) |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 15 (29.4) | 15 (27.3) |
Othersb | 2 (3.9) | 3 (5.5) |
Small cell carcinoma | 5 (9.8) | 2 (3.6) |
Metastatic tumors | 3 (5.9) | 3 (5.5) |
Malignant mesothelioma | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |
Benign | 6 (11.8) | 6 (10.9) |
Chronic granulomatous inflammationc | 3 (5.9) | 2 (3.6) |
Castleman disease | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.8) |
Normal lymphoid tissue | 2 (3.9) | 3 (5.5) |
Undiagnosed | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) |