Table 5 Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for uptaking breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 30–49 years in India, 2019–21

Age group

 30–39®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 40–49

1.35^c

[1.24, 1.47]

1.36^c

[1.29, 1.44]

1.35^c

[1.28, 1.43]

1.38^c

[1.25, 1.53]

Education

 No education ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

1.53^c

[1.31, 1.77]

1.21^c

[1.11, 1.32]

1.19^c

[1.1, 1.3]

1.73^c

[1.45, 2.05]

 Secondary

2.04^c

[1.8, 2.32]

1.3^c

[1.21, 1.4]

1.34^c

[1.25, 1.44]

2.15^c

[1.85, 2.49]

 Higher secondary and above

2.68^c

[2.26, 3.18]

1.36^c

[1.22, 1.52]

1.46^c

[1.31, 1.62]

2.71^c

[2.21, 3.31]

Marital status

 Others ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Married

1.18^b

[1.02, 1.38]

1.21^c

[1.09, 1.35]

1.22^c

[1.1, 1.35]

1.14

[0.95, 1.38]

Health insurance

 No ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.75^c

[0.69, 0.83]

0.88^c

[0.83, 0.93]

0.89^c

[0.84, 0.94]

0.69^c

[0.62, 0.77]

Ever used hormonal contraception

 No ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.95

[0.82, 1.1]

0.83^c

[0.76, 0.91]

0.86^c

[0.79, 0.94]

0.88

[0.74, 1.05]

BMI

 Thin ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Normal

0.99

[0.83, 1.17]

1.02

[0.92, 1.14]

1.02

[0.92, 1.13]

0.98

[0.81, 1.19]

 Overweight or obese

1.38^c

[1.16, 1.65]

1.3^c

[1.17, 1.45]

1.31^c

[1.18, 1.45]

1.42^c

[1.16, 1.73]

Drink alcohol

 No ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.48^c

[0.32, 0.72]

0.79^b

[0.65, 0.97]

0.76^c

[0.63, 0.92]

0.47^c

[0.29, 0.77]

Tobacco use

 No ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.59^c

[1.36, 1.87]

1.33^c

[1.2, 1.47]

1.35^c

[1.22, 1.49]

1.61^c

[1.34, 1.95]

Eat fried food

 Never ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Daily

0.82

[0.65, 1.02]

1.08

[0.94, 1.25]

1.06

[0.93, 1.22]

0.78

[0.6, 1.01]

 Weekly

0.84

[0.71, 1.01]

0.87^b

[0.77, 0.98]

0.88^b

[0.79, 0.99]

0.79^b

[0.65, 0.97]

 Occasionally

0.78^c

[0.66, 0.92]

0.83^c

[0.74, 0.93]

0.83^c

[0.75, 0.93]

0.75^c

[0.62, 0.9]

Eat fruits

 Never ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Daily

1.01

[0.68, 1.51]

1.11

[0.86, 1.44]

1.08

[0.84, 1.37]

1.12

[0.69, 1.82]

 Weekly

1.06

[0.72, 1.57]

1.12

[0.87, 1.44]

1.07

[0.84, 1.36]

1.24

[0.77, 1.99]

 Occasionally

1.09

[0.74, 1.61]

1.23

[0.96, 1.58]

1.17

[0.93, 1.49]

1.25

[0.78, 2]

Household head's sex

 Male ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Female

1.02

[0.91, 1.16]

0.98

[0.9, 1.06]

0.98

[0.91, 1.06]

1.03

[0.89, 1.18]

Religion

 Hindu ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Muslim

0.77^c

[0.66, 0.91]

0.7^c

[0.63, 0.77]

0.72^c

[0.65, 0.79]

0.72^c

[0.59, 0.87]

 Christian

1.41^c

[1.2, 1.65]

1.67^c

[1.5, 1.85]

1.6^c

[1.44, 1.76]

1.58^c

[1.31, 1.9]

 Others

1.29^b

[1.01, 1.64]

1.91^c

[1.68, 2.18]

1.84^c

[1.63, 2.09]

1.27

[0.93, 1.72]

Caste

 SC ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ST

0.7^c

[0.59, 0.83]

0.66^c

[0.59, 0.74]

0.65^c

[0.59, 0.73]

0.74^c

[0.61, 0.9]

 OBC

0.84^c

[0.75, 0.94]

0.84^c

[0.78, 0.9]

0.85^c

[0.8, 0.91]

0.8^c

[0.7, 0.9]

 Others

0.68^c

[0.59, 0.78]

0.75^c

[0.69, 0.82]

0.76^c

[0.7, 0.83]

0.6^c

[0.51, 0.71]

Residence

 Rural ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Urban

1.34^c

[1.21, 1.48]

1.14^c

[1.06, 1.21]

1.16^c

[1.09, 1.23]

1.32^c

[1.18, 1.49]

Wealth index

 Poorest ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Poorer

0.96

[0.8, 1.14]

1.08

[0.97, 1.2]

1.08

[0.97, 1.19]

0.94

[0.77, 1.16]

 Middle

0.96

[0.8, 1.15]

1.18^c

[1.06, 1.32]

1.17^c

[1.05, 1.3]

0.94

[0.77, 1.16]

 Richer

0.8^b

[0.66, 0.97]

1.12^a

[1.03, 1.26]

1.11^a

[0.99, 1.24]

0.75^b

[0.6, 0.94]

 Richest

0.9

[0.73, 1.11]

1.23^c

[1.08, 1.41]

1.23^c

[1.08, 1.39]

0.83

[0.65, 1.06]

Media exposure

 No ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.07

[0.94, 1.22]

1.01

[0.93, 1.09]

1.02

[0.94, 1.1]

1.04

[0.89, 1.21]

Region

 East ®

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 North

1.13

[0.88, 1.45]

1.22^c

[1.06, 1.41]

1.21^c

[1.06, 1.39]

1.11

[0.81, 1.52]

 Central

1.76^c

[1.41, 2.21]

1.91^c

[1.68, 2.18]

1.82^c

[1.61, 2.06]

2.14^c

[1.62, 2.81]

 Northeast

1.68^c

[1.3, 2.16]

1.24^c

[1.06, 1.46]

1.38^c

[1.19, 1.6]

1.27

[0.92, 1.75]

 West

2.39^c

[1.88, 3.04]

1.66^c

[1.42, 1.93]

1.62^c

[1.4, 1.87]

3^c

[2.25, 4]

 South

8.47^c

[6.88, 10.42]

6.82^c

[6.02, 7.71]

6.66^c

[5.93, 7.49]

10.29^c

[7.97, 13.29]