Table 3 Multivariatea adjusted estimates for each outcome by initial treatment group
|  | Mortality | Healthcare encounters per 30 days | Palliative care visits per 30 days | Institutional deathb | Hospitalization within last 30 days of life | Chemotherapy within last 30 days of life |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | AMD (95% CI) | AMD (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Initial treatment | ||||||
 No cancer-directed therapy | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
 Radiation | 0.63 (0.57 to 0.70) | -3.64 (−4.71 to −2.58) | −0.52 (−1.07 to 0.03) | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.97) | 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80) | 4.13 (2.06 to 8.27) |
 Chemotherapy | 0.43 (0.41 to 0.45) | −6.35 (−6.92 to −5.78) | − 1.57 (− 1.87 to − 1.28) | 0.72 (0.65 to 0.79) | 0.72 (0.65 to 0.80) | 57.44 (39.71 to 83.08) |
 Surgery alone | 0.32 (0.29 to 0.34) | −6.91 (−7.82 to −6.00) | −1.65 (−2.13 to − 1.18) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.02) | 0.63 (0.53 to 0.74) | 10.77 (6.66 to 17.43) |
 Surgery and chemotherapy | 0.23 (0.21 to 0.26) | −6.74 (−7.75 to −5.74) | −1.67 (−2.19 to − 1.14) | 0.70 (0.59 to 0.85) | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.75) | 21.81 (13.94 to 34.12) |
 Age | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.01) | 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) |
 Female sex | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.09 (−0.35 to 0.53) | 0.24 (0.02 to 0.47) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83) | 0.79 (0.67 to 0.92) |
 Rural place of residence | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.23) | 2.34 (1.70 to 3.00) | −0.47 (− 0.80 to − 0.13) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.04) | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) |
 Lowest quintile | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
 Highest quintile | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | −0.20 (−0.90 to 0.50) | 0.94 (0.58 to 1.30) | 0.64 (0.56 to 0.73) | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.88) | 1.31 (1.01 to 1.69) |
 Charlson comorbidity index | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) | 0.63 (0.43 to 0.83) | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.11) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.07) |