Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis for survival in the training cohort

Sex

7.573

0.006

5.096

0.024

 Female

 Male

1.122(1.0160–1.239)

0.023

1.115(1.009–1.232)

0.033

Age (year)

60.828

< 0.001

< 0.001

57.346

< 0.001

< 0.001

 60–69

 70–79

1.125(1.014–1.249)

0.027

1.105(0.991–1.232)

0.072

  ≥ 80

1.403(1.215–1.621)

< 0.001

1.422(1.225–1.651)

< 0.001

Race

3.169

0.205

2.239

0.326

 Black

 White

 Others

Marital status

3.877

0.049

3.243

0.072

 Married

 Unmarried/single

0.943(0.852–1.044)

0.260

Insurance

7.334

0.026

0.139

6.300

0.043

0.201

 Insured

 Any medicaid

1.156(0.998–1.339)

0.053

1.136(0.977–1.322)

0.098

 Uninsured

1.114(0.776–1.600)

0.558

1.158(0.802–1.673)

0.435

Location

13.801

0.008

0.890

13.333

0.010

0.912

 main bronchus

 upper lobe, lung

0.981(0.834–1.155)

0.821

0.989(0.835–1.172)

0.900

 middle lobe, lung

0.938(0.723–1.216)

0.627

0.909(0.691–1.195)

0.493

 low lobe, lung

1.029(0.862–1.228)

0.753

1.021(0.849–1.227)

0.829

 overlapping lesion

0.942(0.650–1.365)

0.752

0.968(0.661–1.418)

0.869

Grade

8.509

0.014

0.103

6.444

0.040

0.207

 I

 II

1.217(0.935–1.584)

0.072

1.420(0.871–2.313)

0.160

 III/IV

1.672(1.276–2.191)

0.046

1.487(0.915–2.417)

0.109

AJCC TNM stage(7th)

325.842

< 0.001

< 0.001

333.677

< 0.001

< 0.001

 I

 II

1.057(0.759–1.472)

0.743

1.196(0.835–1.714)

0.328

 III

2.020(1.583–2.579)

< 0.001

2.257(1.723–2.957)

< 0.001

 IV

2.456(1.904–3.167)

< 0.001

2.816(2.128–3.726)

< 0.001

Surgery

94.156

< 0.001

93.865

< 0.001

 No

 Yes

0.455(0.356–0.580)

< 0.001

0.449(0.345–0.585)

< 0.001

Chemotherapy

399.497

< 0.001

357.865

< 0.001

 No/unknown

 Yes

0.358(0.318–0.403)

< 0.001

0.355(0.314–0.401)

< 0.001

Radiaton

228.240

< 0.001

200.382

< 0.001

 No/unknown

 Yes

0.646(0.578–0.723)

< 0.001

0.663(0.590–0.746)

< 0.001

Bone metastasis

108.425

< 0.001

117.648

< 0.001

 No

 Yes

1.145(1.008–1.301)

0.037

1.168(1.025–1.332)

0.020

Brain metastasis

37.292

< 0.001

38.774

< 0.001

 No

 Yes

1.339(1.159–1.547)

< 0.001

1.345(1.158–1.562)

< 0.001

Liver metastasis

237.796

< 0.001

244.918

< 0.001

 No

 Yes

1.490(1.316–1.689)

< 0.001

1.531(1.346–1.742)

< 0.001

Lung metastasis

52.925

< 0.001

54.613

< 0.001

 No

 Yes

1.128(0.979–1.300)

0.096

1.132(0.978–1.311)

0.097

size

78.492

< 0.001

< 0.001

85.026

< 0.001

< 0.001

  ≤ 3 cm

 3.1-5 cm

1.249(1.097–1.422)

0.001

1.285(1.121–1.473)

< 0.001

 5.1-7 cm

1.297(1.121–1.501)

< 0.001

1.309(1.123–1.526)

0.001

 >7 cm

1.365(1.185–1.572)

< 0.001

1.410(1.217–1.634)

< 0.001