Table 1 Patient’s baseline clinical characteristics and comparisons between the training and validation groups
Characteristics | Patients (n = 208) | Training group (n = 104) | Validation group (n = 104) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 58.74 ± 12.00 | 58.12 ± 12.15 | 59.36 ± 11.88 | 0.46 a |
Sex | 0.68 | |||
 Male | 51.44% (107/208) | 50.00% (52/104) | 52.88% (55/104) | |
 Female | 48.56% (101/208) | 50.00% (52/104) | 47.12% (49/104) | |
Nationality | 0.70 | |||
 Han nationality | 96.63% (201/208) | 96.15% (100/104) | 97.12% (101/104) | |
 Ethnic minorities | 3.37% (7/208) | 3.85% (4/104) | 2.88% (3/104) | |
Marital status | 0.58 | |||
 Married | 93.27% (194/208) | 92.31% (96/104) | 94.23% (98/104) | |
 Single | 6.73% (14/208) | 7.69% (8/104) | 5.77% (6/104) | |
Education | ||||
 Primary education | 35.58% (74/208) | 35.58% (37/104) | 35.58% (37/104) | 0.69 |
 Senior high school | 35.10% (73/208) | 32.69% (34/104) | 37.50% (39/104) | |
 University or above | 29.33% (61/208) | 31.73% (33/104) | 26.92% (28/104) | |
Caregivers | 0.90 | |||
 Spouse | 64.90% (135/208) | 64.42% (67/104) | 65.38% (68/104) | |
 Other family members | 18.75% (39/208) | 19.23% (20/104) | 18.27% (19/104) | |
 Support workers | 4.81% (10/208) | 5.77% (6/104) | 3.85% (4/104) | |
 No caregivers | 11.54% (24/208) | 10.58% (11/104) | 12.50% (13/104) | |
Preference for eating vegetables | 0.68 | |||
 No | 13.46% (28/208) | 14.42% (15/104) | 12.50% (13/104) | |
 Yes | 86.54% (180/208) | 85.58% (89/104) | 87.50% (91/104) | |
Preference for eating roasted food | 0.64 | |||
 No | 90.38% (188/208) | 91.35% (95/104) | 89.42% (93/104) | |
 Yes | 9.62% (20/208) | 8.65% (9/104) | 10.58% (11/104) | |
Smoking status | 0.30 | |||
 No | 57.21% (119/208) | 62.50% (65/104) | 51.92% (54/104) | |
 Quitting smoking | 23.56% (49/208) | 21.15% (22/104) | 25.96% (27/104) | |
 Current smoking | 19.23% (40/208) | 16.35% (17/104) | 22.12% (23/104) | |
Drinking status | 0.03 | |||
 No | 73.56% (153/208) | 76.92% (80/104) | 70.19% (73/104) | |
 Quitting drinking | 18.75% (39/208) | 12.50% (13/104) | 25.00% (26/104) | |
 Current drinking | 7.69% (16/208) | 10.58% (11/104) | 4.81% (5/104) | |
Hypertension | 0.02 | |||
 No | 75.48% (157/208) | 82.69% (86/104) | 68.27% (71/104) | |
 Yes | 24.52% (51/208) | 17.31% (18/104) | 31.73% (33/104) | |
Diabetes | 0.64 | |||
 No | 90.38% (188/208) | 89.42% (93/104) | 91.35% (95/104) | |
 Yes | 9.62% (20/208) | 10.58% (11/104) | 8.65% (9/104) | |
Coronary heart disease | 0.30 | |||
 No | 92.31% (192/208) | 94.23% (98/104) | 90.38% (94/104) | |
 Yes | 7.69% (16/208) | 5.77% (6/104) | 9.62% (10/104) | |
Time since knowing cancer diagnosis | 0.05 | |||
  < 3 months | 17.79% (37/208) | 15.38% (16/104) | 20.19% (21/104) | |
 ≧3 months and < 6 months | 10.10% (21/208) | 7.69% (8/104) | 12.50% (13/104) | |
 ≧6 months and < 12 months | 10.10% (21/208) | 15.38% (16/104) | 4.81% (5/104) | |
 ≧12 months | 62.02% (129/208) | 61.54% (64/104) | 62.50% (65/104) | |
Primary cancer type | 0.13 | |||
 Lung cancer | 57.21% (119/208) | 50.96% (53/104) | 63.46% (66/104) | |
 Liver cancer | 4.81% (10/208) | 3.85% (4/104) | 5.77% (6/104) | |
 Gastrointestinal cancer | 7.69% (16/208) | 7.69% (8/104) | 7.69% (8/104) | |
 Breast cancer | 9.62% (20/208) | 9.62% (10/104) | 9.62% (10/104) | |
 Others | 20.67% (43/208) | 27.88% (29/104) | 13.46% (14/104) | |
Visceral metastases | 1.00 | |||
 No | 56.73% (118/208) | 56.73% (59/104) | 56.73% (59/104) | |
 Yes | 43.27% (90/208) | 43.27% (45/104) | 43.27% (45/104) | |
Surgery for primary cancer site | 0.13 | |||
 Open surgery | 19.71% (41/208) | 25.00% (26/104) | 14.42% (15/104) | |
 Minimally invasive surgery | 20.67% (43/208) | 21.15% (22/104) | 20.19% (21/104) | |
 None | 59.62% (124/208) | 53.85% (56/104) | 65.38% (68/104) | |
Surgery for spine metastasis | 0.63 | |||
 Open surgery | 15.87% (33/208) | 18.27% (19/104) | 13.46% (14/104) | |
 Minimally invasive surgery | 54.81% (114/208) | 52.88% (55/104) | 56.73% (59/104) | |
 None | 29.33% (61/208) | 28.85% (30/104) | 29.81% (31/104) | |
Radiotherapy | 0.26 | |||
 No | 39.42% (82/208) | 35.58% (37/104) | 43.27% (45/104) | |
 Yes | 60.58% (126/208) | 64.42% (67/104) | 56.73% (59/104) | |
Chemotherapy | 0.09 | |||
 No | 39.42% (82/208) | 33.65% (35/104) | 45.19% (47/104) | |
 Yes | 60.58% (126/208) | 66.35% (69/104) | 54.81% (57/104) | |
Economic burden due to cancer treatments | 0.83 | |||
 None | 2.88% (6/208) | 2.88% (3/104) | 2.88% (3/104) | |
 Mild | 10.58% (22/208) | 8.65% (9/104) | 12.50% (13/104) | |
 Moderate | 32.21% (67/208) | 33.65% (35/104) | 30.77% (32/104) | |
 Severe | 54.33% (113/208) | 54.81% (57/104) | 53.85% (56/104) | |
Having an uncompleted life goal | 0.52 | |||
 No | 24.04% (50/208) | 22.12% (23/104) | 25.96% (27/104) | |
 Yes | 75.96% (158/208) | 77.88% (81/104) | 74.04% (77/104) | |
ECOG score | 0.54 | |||
 0 | 6.73% (14/208) | 6.73% (7/104) | 6.73% (7/104) | |
 1 | 34.13% (71/208) | 35.58% (37/104) | 32.69% (34/104) | |
 2 | 29.81% (62/208) | 31.73% (33/104) | 27.88% (29/104) | |
 3 | 11.54% (24/208) | 7.69% (8/104) | 15.38% (16/104) | |
 4 | 17.79% (37/208) | 18.27% (19/104) | 17.31% (18/104) | |
Anxiety | 0.69 | |||
 No | 47.60% (99/208) | 46.15% (48/104) | 49.04% (51/104) | |
 Skeptical | 20.67% (43/208) | 23.08% (24/104) | 18.27% (19/104) | |
 Yes | 31.73% (66/208) | 30.77% (32/104) | 32.69% (34/104) | |
Depression | 0.30 | |||
 No | 51.44% (107/208) | 51.92% (54/104) | 50.96% (53/104) | |
 Skeptical | 19.23% (40/208) | 15.38% (16/104) | 23.08% (24/104) | |
 Yes | 29.33% (61/208) | 32.69% (34/104) | 25.96% (27/104) | |
FACT-G scores | 60.32 ± 20.41 | 60.83 ± 20.18 | 59.82 ± 20.73 | 0.85 b |
 Physical well-being | 14.41 ± 7.22 | 14.23 ± 7.35 | 14.60 ± 7.11 | 0.70 b |
 Social well-being | 18.62 ± 5.82 | 18.90 ± 5.63 | 18.33 ± 6.02 | 0.51 b |
 Emotional well-being | 14.24 ± 5.7 | 14.20 ± 5.58 | 14.28 ± 5.84 | 0.99 b |
 Functional well-being | 13.05 ± 7.14 | 13.49 ± 7.48 | 12.62 ± 6.78 | 0.42 b |