Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by dietary niacin intake

Sex n (%)

<  0.001

 Male

1657 (47.7)

266 (30.6)

351 (40.2)

462 (52.6)

578 (67.0)

 Female

1847 (52.3)

610 (69.4)

525 (59.8)

414 (47.4)

298 (33.1)

Age, Mean ± SE

65.38 ± 0.32

65.70 ± 0.55

65.81 ± 0.57

66.13 ± 0.50

66.88 ± 0.57

0.002

RACE, n (%)

0.893

 Mexican American

230 (6.4)

78 (8.9)

61 (6.5)

47 (5.5)

44 (4.9)

 Other Hispanic

145 (4.0)

51 (5.1)

35 (4.2)

26 (2.9)

33 (3.8)

 Non-Hispanic White

2548 (73.4)

574 (66.8)

636 (72.9)

679 (77.9)

659 (75.9)

 Non-Hispanic Black

475 (13.3)

145 (16.4)

117 (13.3)

94 (10.4)

119 (13.2)

 Other Race - Including Multi-Racial

106 (2.8)

28 (2.7)

27 (3.1)

30 (3.2)

21 (2.2)

Education, n (%)

<  0.001

 Less than 9th grade

384 (10.9)

134 (15.2)

103 (12.0)

80 (9.1)

67 (7.5)

 9-11th grade

477 (13.1)

138 (15.3)

133 (14.4)

116 (13.0)

90 (9.8)

 High school graduate

823 (23.7)

215 (25.1)

215 (24.5)

206 (23.6)

187 (21.5)

 Some college or AA degree

958 (27.5)

239 (26.8)

225 (26.3)

236 (26.9)

258 (30.0)

 College graduate or above

860 (24.5)

148 (17.6)

200 (22.8)

238 (27.5)

274 (31.1)

BMI, Mean ± SE

28.56 ± 0.10

28.59 ± 0.22

28.64 ± 0.22

28.72 ± 0.21

28.30 ± 0.23

0.494

Diabetes, n (%)

0.216

 Yes

803 (23.3)

219 (25.3)

210 (24.1)

195 (22.7)

179 (21.1)

 No

2701 (76.7)

657 (74.7)

666 (75.9)

681 (77.3)

697 (78.9)

Smoking, n (%)

0.281

 Yes

1980 (56.8)

471 (53.5)

494 (57.0)

503 (57.4)

512 (59.2)

 No

1523 (43.2)

404 (46.5)

382 (43.0)

373 (42.6)

364 (40.8)

Drinking, n (%)

<  0.001

 Yes

2304 (68.5)

488 (58.3)

570 (67.5)

592 (70.4)

654 (77.5)

 No

1061 (31.5)

349 (41.7)

274 (32.5)

249 (29.6)

189 (22.5)

Aspirin use, n (%)

0.248

 Yes

471 (13.9)

106 (12.9)

115 (13.7)

135 (15.5)

115 (13.6)

 No

2964 (86.1)

749 (87.1)

750 (86.3)

731 (84.5)

734 (86.4)

Vigorous activity, n (%)

0.002

 Yes

545 (15.6)

116 (13.4)

123 (13.9)

129 (15.0)

177 (20.1)

 No

2959 (84.4)

760 (86.6)

753 (86.1)

747 (85.0)

699 (80.0)

Energy intake (kcals/day), Mean ± SE

1889.41 ± 16.15

1277.11 ± 17.48

1674.28 ± 19.02

2005.15 ± 21.01

2589.15 ± 34.1

< 0.0001

Protein intake (g/day), Mean ± SE

72.27 ± 0.58

42.28 ± 0.63

61.74 ± 0.66

77.22 ± 0.72

107.23 ± 1.19

< 0.0001

Carbohydrate intake (g/day), Mean ± SE

232.72 ± 1.98

167.28 ± 2.76

208.61 ± 2.53

246.93 ± 3.18

306.80 ± 4.70

< 0.0001

Sugar intake (g/day), Mean ± SE

148.33 ± 7.49

107.35 ± 7.81

139.69 ± 12.64

155.87 ± 13.65

189.63 ± 15.06

< 0.0001

Fat intake (g/day), Mean ± SE

71.95 ± 0.78

47.64 ± 0.83

64.21 ± 1.06

76.61 ± 1.12

98.88 ± 1.83

< 0.0001

Cholesterol intake (mg/day), Mean ± SE

264.81 ± 4.08

190.66 ± 6.94

241.90 ± 6.38

267.36 ± 6.93

357.77 ± 8.64

< 0.0001

Fiber intake (g/day), Mean ± SE

15.99 ± 0.21

10.80 ± 0.23

14.22 ± 0.29

17.08 ± 0.34

21.77 ± 0.41

< 0.0001

Vitamin B1 intake(mg/day), Mean ± SE

1.53 ± 0.01

0.86 ± 0.01

1.29 ± 0.02

1.65 ± 0.02

2.30 ± 0.04

< 0.0001

Vitamin B2 intake (mg/day), Mean ± SE

2.06 ± 0.02

1.28 ± 0.03

1.74 ± 0.02

2.20 ± 0.03

3.01 ± 0.04

< 0.0001

Niacin intake (mg/day), Mean ± SE

21.82 ± 0.19

10.03 ± 0.10

16.80 ± 0.06

23.08 ± 0.07

37.12 ± 0.39

< 0.0001