Fig. 4

Establishment and validation of risk model based on specific P-DECRGs. a Coefficients and (b) Partial likelihood deviances corresponding to different lambda values in the LASSO regression analysis. c The correlation between risk score and DFS visualized using ranked bar (upper part) and scatter plots (middle part). The correlation between the expression of the four specific P-DECRGs and risk score visualized using a heatmap (lower part). d The significant difference in DFS between high- and low-risk groups observed and visualized using a Kaplan–Meier plot. e The sensitivities and specificities of 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS predictions based on the risk model; these are visualized using ROC curves. f The significant difference in DFS between high- and low-risk groups in the verification cohort observed and visualized using a Kaplan–Meier plot. g The sensitivities and specificities of 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS predictions based on the risk model in the verification cohort visualized using ROC curves. P-DECRGs, prognostic associated and differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; DFS, disease-free survival; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve; HR, hazard ratio