Table 2 Univariate analysis of various prognostic factors in 99 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Age (years)

 ≤ 60

Reference

0.082

Reference

0.057

 > 60

0.454 (0.186–1.107)

0.448 (0.196–1.024)

Smoking

 No

Reference

0.418

Reference

0.576

 Yes

0.701 (0.296–1.658)

0.789 (0.345–1.806)

Drinking

 No

Reference

0.993

Reference

0.907

 Yes

0.996 (0.421–2.355)

0.953 (0.428–2.123)

Tumor site

 Pyriform sinus

Reference

0.043

Reference

0.018

 Not pyriform sinus

0.382 (0.150–0.972)

0.353 (0.149–0.837)

cT stage

 T1–2

Reference

0.218

Reference

0.041

 T3–4

1.717 (0.727–4.054)

2.367 (1.036–5.410)

cN stage

 N0

Reference

0.724

Reference

0.541

 N1–3

0.823 (0.279–2.427)

1.454 (0.437–4.837)

Clinical stage

 I + II

Reference

0.826

Reference

0.660

 III + IV

1.252 (0.169–9.302)

1.565 (0.212–11.540)

pT stage

 T1–2

Reference

0.248

Reference

0.073

 T3–4

1.688 (0.694–4.105)

2.197 (0.928–5.202)

pN stage

 N0

Reference

0.298

Reference

0.215

 N1–3

2.901 (0.390–21.576)

3.535 (0.479–26.075)

Pathological stage

 I + II + III

Reference

0.107

Reference

0.021

 IV

2.722 (0.807–9.184)

10.477 (1.420–77.295)

Tumor differentiation

 Well+ well-moderately

Reference

0.784

Reference

0.440

 Moderately+moderately-poorly

0.815 (0.190–3.505)

0.622 (0.186–2.078)

Surgical margin status

 ≥ 0.5 cm

Reference

0.145

Reference

0.311

 < 0.5 cm

0.537 (0.233–1.240)

0.674 (0.315–1.445)

Tumor size (cm)

 ≤ 3.5

Reference

0.840

Reference

0.462

 > 3.5

1.089 (0.476–2.490)

1.328 (0.624–2.830)

Lymph nodal fusion

 No

Reference

0.696

Reference

0.965

 Yes

0.820 (0.303–2.216)

0.981 (0.414–2.323)

Number of lymph node metastases

 ≤ 1

Reference

0.550

Reference

0.531

 > 1

1.356 (0.500–3.678)

1.338 (0.539)

Metastatic lymph node size (cm)

 ≤ 3

Reference

0.141

Reference

0.147

 > 3

1.870 (0.813–4.301)

1.758 (0.821–3.764)

Cervical nodal necrosis

 No

Reference

0.561

Reference

0.604

 Yes

1.275 (0.563–2.890)

1.221 (0.573–2.600)

Lymphovascular invasion

 No

Reference

0.064

Reference

0.029

 Yes

2.793 (0.944–8.268)

2.971 (1.120–7.879)

Extracapsular spread

 No

Reference

0.943

Reference

0.704

 Yes

0.964 (0.358–2.601)

1.182 (0.499–2.799)

Fixation of hemilarynx

 No

Reference

0.617

Reference

0.330

 Yes

1.239 (0.535–2.873)

1.474 (0.675–3.220)

Thyroid gland invasion

 No

Reference

0.841

Reference

0.603

 Yes

0.814 (0.109–6.076)

1.467 (0.346–6.223)

Laryngeal invasion

 No

Reference

0.866

Reference

0.817

 Yes

0.929 (0.395–2.185)

1.098 (0.499–2.416)

c-Jun expression

 Low

Reference

0.019

Reference

0.185

 High

3.626 (1.233–10.665)

1.748 (0.765–3.996)

p-c-Jun expression

 Low

Reference

0.129

Reference

0.311

 High

2.060 (0.809–5.242)

1.601 (0.645–3.976)

Ki-67 expression

 ≤ 30%

Reference

0.454

Reference

0.858

 > 30%

0.721 (0.305–1.701)

1.072 (0.501–2.291)

HPV infection status

 No

Reference

0.927

Reference

0.995

 Yes

0.945 (0.279–3.204)

1.003 (0.345–2.915)