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Table 2 Group differences in adverse events, control of adverse events, and misattribution tendency

From: Preventing adverse events of chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer by educating patients about the nocebo effect: a randomized-controlled trial

 

T2

T3

CG

EG

Group Comparison

CG

EG

Group Comparison

M

SE

N

M

SE

N

M

SE

N

M

SE

N

Total AEs

14.87

1.19

51

13.58

1.20

49

Mean difference: 1.30, 95% CI [−2.00, 4.59], Wald = 0.77, df = 87, p = .44, d = 0.15

19.41

1.19

51

15.37

1.21

49

Mean difference: 4.04, 95% CI [0.72, 7.36], Wald = 2.39, df = 86, p = .02, d = 0.48

 Specific AEs

3.14

0.14

 

3.10

0.14

 

Mean difference: 0.04, 95% CI [−0.34, 0.41], Wald = 0.19, df = 88, p = .85, d = 0.04

3.62

0.14

 

3.26

0.14

 

Mean difference: 0.36, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.74], Wald = 1.84, df = 85, p = .07, d = 0.37

  Original scale

8.85

  

8.62

  

12.12

  

9.65

  

 Non-Specific AEs

2.29

0.13

 

2.05

0.13

 

Mean difference: 0.24, 95% CI [−0.11, 0.59], Wald = 1.35, df = 82, p = .18, d = 0.27

2.61

0.12

 

2.22

0.13

 

Mean difference: 0.39, 95% CI [0.04, 0.73], Wald = 2.19, df = 83, p = .03, d = 0.44

  Original scale

4.26

  

3.22

  

5.81

  

3.94

  

 Global AE scale

4.43

0.37

51

3.90

0.37

49

Mean difference: 0.53, 95% CI [−0.49, 1.56], Wald = 1.02, df = 86, p = 0.31, d = 0.20

5.45

0.37

51

4.32

0.39

49

Mean difference: 1.01, 95% CI [−0.02, 2.05], Wald = 1.92, df = 84, p = .06, d = 0.38

 Control of AEs

1.88

0.07

48

1.93

0.07

48

Mean difference: −0.05, 95% CI [−0.23, 0.14], Wald = 0.51, df = 83, p = .61, d = 0.10

1.76

0.06

51

1.77

0.07

48

Mean difference: − 0.01, 95% CI [−0.19, 0.17], Wald = 0.07, df = 87, p = .95, d = 0.01

  Original scale

2.53

  

2.71

  

2.11

  

2.13

  

 Misattribution tendency

2.08

0.08

42

1.89

0.08

36

Mean difference: 0.19, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.42], Wald = 1.65, df = 58, p = .10, d = 0.38

2.21

0.07

47

2.08

0.08

41

Mean difference: 0.13, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.34], Wald = 1.27, df = 72, p = .21, d = 0.27

  Original scale

3.31

  

2.55

  

3.89

  

3.33

  
  1. Pooled means and standard errors of linear mixed models after adjusting for distress and cancer staging. The primary outcome, total adverse events (AEs), is a sum-score of 7 symptoms (4 specific, 3 non-specific) each rated on a 10-point severity-scale (range: 0 to 70). Specific AEs (range: 0–40) and non-specific AEs (range: 0–30) are its subscales. The global AE scale ranged from 0 to 10. Control of adverse events (range: 0 to 10) was computed for patients who reported at least one AE. Misattribution tendency (range: 0 to 10) was computed for patients who reported non-specific AEs. Means on the original scales were obtained by back transforming the estimates. Significant differences were indicated in bold. Primary outcomes are shaded
  2. AE adverse event, T2 10 days after onset of chemotherapy, T3 12 weeks after onset of chemotherapy, CG attention control group, EG nocebo education group, CI Confidence interval, d Cohen’s d
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BMC Cancer

ISSN: 1471-2407

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