Fig. 2

Bar charts depicting alteration frequency for the 49 PSM genes by cancer type using the interactive web-based online tool cBioPortal (cbioportal.org). A DNA amplification was shown to be prevalent in most cancer types, with ESCA and THCA showing the highest och lowest alteration frequencies, respectively. Box plots visualizing DNA amplification of (B) PSMB3, (C) PSMB4, (D) PSMD4 and their effect on expression (RSEM). Wilcoxon test was used to calculate statistical significance (Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values), ns = not significant (P ≥ 0.05); *P < 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001. E PSME4 gene was the most mutated of all PSM genes. Most PSME4 mutations was found in the UCEC cancer type, where missense mutations were prevalent. F Beeswarm plot visualizing copy number alterations (CNA) and other types of mutations, and their effect on expression was generated in cBioPortal. Deep deletions in PSME4 resulted in significantly lower expression. G Lollipop plot depicting the number of mutations across the PSME4 gene. Missense mutations were prevalent (243 of 312 mutations), with a domain with unknown function containing 14 mutations (10 frameshift deletions in T1805Pfs*69, three frameshift insertions in T1805Nfs*11, and one missense in T1805P)