Category of study designs | Kass et al. 2009 [32] | Brown et al. 2012 [33] | Dear et al. 2012 [34] | Hoffner et al. 2012 [35] | Mills et al. 2014 [36] | Skovlund et al. 2017 [37] | Sundaresan et al. 2017 [38] | Tattersal et al. 2017 [39] | Kamen et al. 2018 [40] | Polite et al. 2019 [41] | |
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Screening questions (for all types) | S1. Are there clear research questions? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
S2. Do the collected data allow the addressing of the research questions? | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
1. Qualitative | 1. Qualitative | ||||||||||
1.1. Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
1.2. Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
1.3. Are the findings adequately derived from the data? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | C/T | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
1.4. Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | C/T | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
1.5. Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis, and interpretation? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | C/T | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
2. Quantitative randomized controlled trials | 2. Quantitative randomized controlled trials | ||||||||||
2.1. Is random assignment appropriately performed? | - | N/A | + | + | N/A | N/A | + | + | + | N/A | |
2.2. Are the groups comparable at baseline? | + | N/A | + | + | N/A | N/A | + | + | + | N/A | |
2.3. Are there complete outcome data? | C/T | N/A | + | + | N/A | N/A | + | + | + | N/A | |
2.4. Are outcome assessors blinded to the intervention provided? | - | N/A | + | C/T | N/A | N/A | + | + | + | N/A | |
2.5. Did the participants adhere to the assigned intervention? | C/T | N/A | - | + | N/A | N/A | + | - | + | N/A | |
3. Quantitative nonrandomized | 3. Quantitative nonrandomized | ||||||||||
3.1. Are the participants representative of the target population? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | C/T | |
3.2. Are measurements appropriate regarding both the outcome and intervention (or exposure)? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | |
3.3. Are there complete outcome data? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | |
3.4. Are the confounders accounted for in the design and analysis? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | - | |
3.5. During the study period, is the intervention administered (or exposure occurred) as intended? | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | |
4. Quantitative descriptive | 4. Quantitative descriptive | ||||||||||
4.1. Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | C/T | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
4.3. Are the measurements appropriate? | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
4.4. Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
4.5. Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question? | N/A | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | - | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Score | 3 (7) | 7 (7) | 6 (7) | 6 (7) | 7 (7) | 2 (5) 5 (7) | 7 (7) | 6 (7) | 7 (7) | 5 (7) |