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Table 2 Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women from the PRECAMA study

From: Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of breast cancer among young women in Latin America: a case-control study

 

Cases/controls

Univariatea

BMI-adjustedb

WC-adjustedc

Fully-adjustedd

  

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

IL-6, per SD increase

453/453

1.07 (0.94–1.22)

0.29

1.32 (1.12–1.55)

0.001

1.24 (1.07–1.44)

0.005

1.33 (1.11–1.60)

0.002

Quartile 1

140/114

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

88/113

0.64 (0.44–0.94)

 

0.78 (0.52–1.16)

 

0.74 (0.50–1.09)

 

0.70 (0.43–1.13)

 

Quartile 3

88/113

0.64 (0.44–0.93)

 

0.90 (0.60–1.35)

 

0.80 (0.54–1.19)

 

0.83 (0.51–1.35)

 

Quartile 4

137/113

0.96 (0.67–1.36)

 

1.55 (1.04–2.30)

 

1.32 (0.90–1.95)

 

1.36 (0.85–2.18)

 
  

P-trend

0.87

P-trend

0.01

P-trend

0.06

P-trend

0.07

IL-8, per SD increase

314/314

1.11 (0.94–1.3)

0.21

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

0.11

1.15 (0.98–1.36)

0.09

1.15 (0.93–1.44)

0.20

Quartile 1

67/79

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

84/78

1.31 (0.82–2.09)

 

1.3 (0.79–2.13)

 

1.35 (0.84–2.18)

 

1.99 (1.04–3.78)

 

Quartile 3

63/78

0.96 (0.60–1.55)

 

0.98 (0.60–1.63)

 

1.04 (0.64–1.70)

 

1.17 (0.60–2.26)

 

Quartile 4

100/79

1.49 (0.95–2.32)

 

1.54 (0.96–2.48)

 

1.59 (1.01–2.52)

 

2.16 (1.14–4.07)

 
  

P-trend

0.13

P-trend

0.10

P-trend

0.07

P-trend

0.06

IL-10, per SD increase

453/453

0.92 (0.81–1.05)

0.22

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

0.28

0.94 (0.82–1.08)

0.37

0.95 (0.79–1.13)

0.54

Quartile 1

124/114

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

100/114

0.79 (0.54–1.16)

 

0.77 (0.52–1.15)

 

0.80 (0.54–1.18)

 

0.80 (0.50–1.29)

 

Quartile 3

129/112

1.04 (0.73–1.49)

 

1.01 (0.69–1.47)

 

1.04 (0.72–1.49)

 

1.09 (0.70–1.70)

 

Quartile 4

100/113

0.80 (0.55–1.17)

 

0.77 (0.51–1.14)

 

0.81 (0.55–1.19)

 

0.76 (0.47–1.24)

 
  

P-trend

0.46

P-trend

0.36

P-trend

0.50

P-trend

0.44

TNF-α, per SD increase

453/453

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

0.38

1.14 (0.99–1.32)

0.07

1.14 (0.99–1.32)

0.07

1.32 (1.11–1.58)

0.002

Quartile 1

119/114

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

108/113

0.91 (0.62–1.32)

 

1.01 (0.68–1.49)

 

0.99 (0.68–1.45)

 

1.55 (0.96–2.49)

 

Quartile 3

107/113

0.90 (0.61–1.32)

 

0.95 (0.63–1.41)

 

0.96 (0.65–1.42)

 

1.49 (0.90–2.47)

 

Quartile 4

119/113

1.01 (0.70–1.45)

 

1.32 (0.89–1.94)

 

1.25 (0.85–1.83)

 

2.03 (1.26–3.26)

 
  

P-trend

0.96

P-trend

0.20

P-trend

0.28

P-trend

0.006

IFN-γ, per SD increase

453/453

0.90 (0.80–1.03)

0.12

0.93 (0.82–1.07)

0.32

0.94 (0.82–1.07)

0.33

0.94 (0.80–1.09)

0.42

Quartile 1

135/114

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

118/113

0.90 (0.64–1.27)

 

0.92 (0.64–1.33)

 

0.9 (0.63–1.28)

 

1.35 (0.86–2.12)

 

Quartile 3

96/113

0.74 (0.52–1.06)

 

0.79 (0.55–1.14)

 

0.77 (0.54–1.10)

 

0.91 (0.58–1.42)

 

Quartile 4

104/113

0.80 (0.57–1.14)

 

0.87 (0.60–1.25)

 

0.86 (0.60–1.24)

 

0.87 (0.56–1.35)

 
  

P-trend

0.14

P-trend

0.34

P-trend

0.32

P-trend

0.29

Leptin, per SD increase

430/430

0.76 (0.66–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.80–1.1)

0.43

0.84 (0.72–0.98)

0.03

0.82 (0.67–1.00)

0.05

Quartile 1

162/108

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

112/107

0.72 (0.50–1.03)

 

0.87 (0.60–1.28)

 

0.78 (0.54–1.13)

 

0.77 (0.48–1.22)

 

Quartile 3

81/107

0.52 (0.36–0.76)

 

0.69 (0.46–1.03)

 

0.59 (0.40–0.88)

 

0.55 (0.34–0.89)

 

Quartile 4

75/108

0.48 (0.33–0.70)

 

0.84 (0.54–1.32)

 

0.62 (0.41–0.96)

 

0.62 (0.36–1.08)

 
  

P-trend

 < 0.001

P-trend

0.21

P-trend

0.008

P-trend

0.03

Adiponectin, per SD increase

453/453

1.14 (0.99–1.31)

0.08

1.02 (0.88–1.19)

0.78

1.07 (0.92–1.24)

0.40

1.05 (0.87–1.27)

0.59

Quartile 1

99/114

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

99/113

1.01 (0.69–1.48)

 

0.93 (0.62–1.39)

 

0.96 (0.65–1.43)

 

1.17 (0.72–1.91)

 

Quartile 3

119/113

1.25 (0.86–1.80)

 

1.01 (0.68–1.49)

 

1.11 (0.76–1.62)

 

1.00 (0.62–1.62)

 

Quartile 4

136/113

1.45 (0.98–2.14)

 

1.16 (0.77–1.74)

 

1.25 (0.83–1.86)

 

1.30 (0.79–2.13)

 
  

P-trend

0.04

P-trend

0.43

P-trend

0.23

P-trend

0.38

Leptin/adiponectin, per SD increase

430/430

0.75 (0.65–0.86)

 < 0.001

0.93 (0.79–1.11)

0.43

0.83 (0.71–0.98)

0.02

0.81 (0.66–1.00)

0.05

Quartile 1

146/108

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

1 (ref.)

 

Quartile 2

126/107

0.89 (0.61–1.28)

 

1.06 (0.72–1.56)

 

0.98 (0.67–1.43)

 

0.90 (0.56–1.44)

 

Quartile 3

81/107

0.56 (0.38–0.83)

 

0.78 (0.52–1.18)

 

0.66 (0.44–1.00)

 

0.62 (0.38–1.01)

 

Quartile 4

77/108

0.53 (0.36–0.79)

 

0.98 (0.62–1.55)

 

0.72 (0.47–1.13)

 

0.74 (0.42–1.31)

 
  

P-trend

 < 0.001

P-trend

0.62

P-trend

0.07

P-trend

0.13

  1. a Matched on age (± 3 years), city district of residence, and health insurance institution
  2. b Univariate model, additionally adjusted for BMI (continuous)
  3. c Univariate model, additionally adjusted for WC (continuous)
  4. d Univariate model, additionally adjusted for BMI (continuous), age at menarche (years, continuous), number of full-term pregnancies (0/1/2/ ≥ 3), age at first pregnancy (nulliparous, tertiles), breastfeeding duration (nulliparous, tertiles), use of hormones at blood collection (yes/no), personal history of benign breast disease (yes/no), family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (yes/no), smoking status (ever smoker/never smoker), alcohol consumption (g/day), moderate physical activity (hours/day), education level (up to primary school/secondary school/longer than secondary school), and adult height (continuous)
  5. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, CI Confidence interval, IFN-γ Interferon-γ, IL Interleukin, OR Odds ratio, SD Standard deviation, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor α, WC Waist circumference
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