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Table 1 Univariate analysis of Lymph node (LN) metastasis

From: Composite scoring system and optimal tumor budding cut-off number for estimating lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer

Parameter

LN (-), n = 343

LN ( +), n = 52

P

Agea

63 (23–87)

64 (32–84)

0.570c

Sex

 Male

225 (65.6%)

30 (57.7%)

0.340

 Female

118 (34.4%)

22 (42.3%)

BMI b

 Mean

23.9 ± 2.9

23.7 ± 2.95

0.628d

ASA grade

 I

107 (31.2%)

15 (28.8%)

0.957

 II

218 (63.6%)

34 (65.5%)

 III

14 (4.1%)

2 (3.8%)

 unknown

4 (1.1%)

1 (1.9%)

CEAa

1.5 (0.4–39.8)

1.6 (0.5–18.2)

0.380

Location

 Right colon

80 (23.3%)

10 (19.2%)

0.320

 Left colon

153 (44.6%)

21 (40.4%)

 Rectum

109 (31.8%)

20 (38.5%)

 unknown

1 (0.3%)

1 (1.9%)

Histological type

 Favorable

321 (93.6%)

46 (88.5%)

0.022

 Unfavorable

5 (1.5%)

4 (7.7%)

 unknown

17 (4.9%)

2(3.8%)

Lymphatic or venous invasion

 Negative

304 (88.6%)

28 (53.8%)

 < 0.001

 Positive

36 (10.5%)

21 (40.4%)

 unknown

3 (0.9%)

3 (5.8%)

Perineural invasion

 Negative

324 (94.5%)

48 (92.3%)

1.000

 Positive

2 (0.5%)

0 (0%)

 unknown

17 (5.0%)

4 (7.7%)

Tumor Budding

 Low budding

(0–4 buds)

285 (83.1%)

31 (59.6%)

 < 0.001

 Intermediate budding

(5–9 buds)

33 (9.6%)

11 (21.2%)

 High budding

(10 or more buds)

25(7.3%)

10 (19.2%)

Tumor budding (n)a

0 (0–32)

3 (0–15)

 < 0.001c

Tumor size (cm)a

1.6 (0.2–10.5)

1.65 (0.1–19.0)

0.912c

Harvest LNs (n)a

16 (0–165)

16 (2–46)

0.647c

Proximal margin (cm)a

11.0 (1.4–136.0)

10.0 (3.5–89.0)

0.486c

Distal margin (cm)a

3.5 (0–75.0)

4.75 (0.5–48.0)

0.094c

  1. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
  2. a Median (range);
  3. b Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM);
  4. c Mann–Whitney U test;
  5. d Student’s t-test