Table 3 Short-term outcomes before and after PSM

Operation time (min)

217.7 ± 79.3

221.0 ± 79.4

0.432

217.7 ± 79.3

217.8 ± 87.0

0.985

Blood loss (mL)

111.7 ± 273.3

96.5 ± 131.5

0.044*

111.7 ± 273.3

91.0 ± 96.3

0.158

Hospital stay (day)

12.8 ± 12.3

11.2 ± 7.7

 < 0.01*

12.8 ± 12.3

11.2 ± 6.2

0.028*

Overall complications

111 (28.5%)

1228 (21.2%)

0.001*

111 (27.8%)

87 (22.3%)

0.048*

Anastomotic leakage

12 (3.1%)

144 (2.5%)

0.471

111 (28.5%)

5 (1.3%)

0.086

Incision infection

17 (4.4%)

198 (3.4%)

0.326

12 (3.1%)

12 (3.1%)

0.344

Pneumonia

27 (6.9%)

187 (3.2%)

 < 0.01*

17 (4.4%)

11 (2.8%)

0.008*

Lymph fistula

6 (1.5%)

37 (0.6%)

0.051

27 (6.9%)

4 (1.0%)

0.524

Ileus

5 (1.3%)

117 (2.0%)

0.311

6 (1.5%)

10 (2.7%)

0.192

VTE

6 (1.5%)

52 (0.9%)

0.197

5 (1.3%)

2 (0.5%)

0.155

Reoperation

10 (2.3%)

95 (1.6%)

0.172

6 (1.5%)

3 (0.8%)

0.050

Postoperative death

7 (1.8%)

16 (0.3%)

 < 0.01*

10 (2.3%)

3 (0.8%)

0.203

Other complications

45 (11.5%)

565 (9.8%)

0.252

7 (1.8%)

46 (11.8%)

0.911