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Table 4 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for OS and DFS

From: Impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on the survival of patients with rectal cancer

Variables

OS

     

DFS

     

uHR (95% CI)

p

mHR (95% CI)

P

mrHR (95% CI)

p

uHR (95% CI)

P

mHR (95% CI)

P

mrHR (95% CI)

p

Age

 

1.045 (1.017–1.073)

0.002

1.044 (1.016–1.074)

0.002

1.044 (1.016–1.073)

0.002

1.010 (0.980–1.042)

0.515

    

Sex

 Females

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Males

1.199 (0.786 – 1.045)

0.399

    

1.326 (0.804–2.186)

0.269

    

BMI

 

0.995 (0.950–1.041)

0.816

    

1.033 (0.983–1.087)

0.201

    

CAD

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

1.158 (0.710–1.888)

0.557

    

0.819 (0.437–1.532)

0.531

    

DM

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

1.135 (0.726–1.774)

0.579

    

0.931 (0.540–1.603)

0.796

    

CCI

 0–2

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 > 2

1.260 (0.832–1.906)

0.275

    

0.890 (0.547–1.450)

0.641

    

cTNM Stage

            

 2

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 3

1.311 (0.822–2.093)

0.256

    

1.245 (0.723–2.143)

0.430

    

Distance to the anal verge

 <  = 5 cm

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

 6–10 cm

0.871 (0.539–1.408)

0.574

    

0.810 (0.465–1.411)

0.457

0.803 (0.456–1.416)

0.449

  

 11–15 cm

0.949 (0.495–1.818)

0.874

    

0.538 (0.228–1.268)

0.157

0.605 (0.249–1.465)

0.265

  

Neoadjuvant

 RT

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

 CRT

0.573 (0.333–0.985)

0.044

0.743 (0.425–1.300)

0.298

  

0.552 (0.295–1.033)

0.063

0.783 (0.406–1.512)

0.467

  

Surgery

 AR

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

[Reference] 1

     

 APR

1.455 (0.960–2.205)

0.077

1.398 (0.912–2.144)

0.125

  

1.332 (0.806–2.201)

0.264

    

 Hartm

0.635 (0.087–4.637)

0.654

0.547 (0.072–4.153)

0.560

  

1.688 (0.515–5.527)

0.387

    

Clavien

 0–2

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

 > 2

1.411 (0.832–2.394)

0.202

    

1.645 (0.895–3.022)

0.109

1.584 (0.782–3.205)

0.201

  

ypT

 0–1

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

 2

1.943 (0.678–5.567)

0.216

1.810 (0.617–5.308)

0.280

1.653 (0.570–4.793)

0.355

6.396 (0.860–47.556)

0.070

4.951 (0.657–37.345)

0.121

5.154 (0.689–38.551)

0.110

 3–4

3.490 (1.268–9.608)

0.016

2.587 (0.912–7.342)

0.074

2.449 (0.868–6.909)

0.091

11.507 (1.584–83.595)

0.016

6.757 (0.900–50.741)

0.063

6.910 (0.933–51.157)

0.058

ypN

 negative

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

 Positive

2.192 (1.448–3.316)

 < 0.001

2.090 (1.343–3.251)

0.001

2.157 (1.395–3.334)

0.001

2.890 (1.769–4.721)

 < 0.001

2.068 (1.086–3.939)

0.027

2.310 (1.374–3.883)

0.002

LNY

 

1.013 (0.982–1.045)

0.426

    

1.018 (0.980–1.057)

0.362

    

TRG

 0–1

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

 2–3

1.296 (0.832–2.017)

0.251

    

1.824 (1.059–3.144)

0.030

1.339 (0.750–2.391)

0.324

  

LVI

 No

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

 Yes

3.920 (1.795–8.562)

0.001

1.038 (0.440–2.447)

0.932

  

8.975 (3.765–21.397)

 < 0.001

2.367 (0.771–7.258)

0.132

2.303 (0.796–6.665)

0.124

PNI

 No

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

 Yes

4.912 (2.351–10.260)

 < 0.001

3.415 (1.519–7.678)

0.003

3.864 (1.799–8.301)

0.001

7.619 (3.412–17.013)

 < 0.001

3.134 (1.056–9.297)

0.040

4.351 (1.584–11.954)

0.004

Adj CT > 3 cycles

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

 Yes

1.284 (0.836–1.972)

0.254

    

2.167 (1.330–3.529)

0.002

1.131 (0.582–2.200)

0.716

  

RASI

 ACEI

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

   

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

[Reference] 1

 

 non-RASI

0.556 (0.348–0.891)

0.015

0.587 (0.361–0.957)

0.033

0.536 (0.333–0.864)

0.010

0.808 (0.479–1.364)

0.426

0.739 (0.423–1.291)

0.288

0.739 (0.433–1.261)

0.267

 ARB

0.366 (0.167–0.801)

0.012

0.347 (0.156–0.773)

0.010

0.326 (0.147–0.724)

0.006

0.449 (0.189–1.065)

0.069

0.353 (0.140–0.892)

0.028

0.339 (0.135–0.850)

0.021

Alpha blockers

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

0.857 (0.395–1.857)

0.695

    

0.964 (0.387–2.401)

0.937

    

Beta blockers

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

0.991 (0.654–1.502)

0.968

    

0.901 (0.553–1.468)

0.675

    

Calcium channel blockers

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

1.124 (0.699–1.805)

0.630

    

1.084 (0.617–1.906)

0.779

    

Diuretics

 No

[Reference] 1

     

[Reference] 1

     

 Yes

0.883 (0.565–1.380)

0.586

    

1.192 (0.720–1.973)

0.494

    
  1. OS Overall survival, DFS Disease-free survival, ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers, RASI Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, PNI Perineural invasion, uHR univariate hazard ratio, mHR Hazard ratio for the multivariate model with covariate preselection based on the univariate analysis, mrHR hazard ratio for the reduced multivariate model with covariate preselection based on the univariate analysis. BMI Body mass index, CAD Coronary artery disease, DM Diabetes mellitus, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, RT Radiotherapy, CRT Chemoradiotherapy, AR Anterior resection, APR Abdominoperineal resection, Hartm Hartmann’s procedure LNY- lymph node yield, TRG Tumor regression grade, LVI Lymphovascular invasion, CT Chemotherapy
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