Fig. 5

TTK prompted TMZ resistance through inducing autophagy in GBM cells. A Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, p62, and β-actin in U251 and U87 cells transfected with PLKO.1 (Ctr), TTK shRNA1 (sh-1), TTK shRNA2 (sh-2), PCMV (Ctr), or PCMV TTK (TTK). B Quantification of relative protein levels in (A). C Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, p62, and β-actin in U251 and U87 treated with BAY (U251, 10 nM; U87, 20 nM), and CFI (U251, 1 μM; U87, 2 μM) for 12 h. D Quantification of relative protein levels in (C). E Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect LC3B puncta in U251 cells transfected with PCMV (Ctr) or PCMV TTK (TTK). Scale bar: 10 μm. F Quantification of the number of LC3 puncta/cell. G U251 and U87 cells transfected with PCMV or PCMV TTK were treated with TMZ (100 μM) or/and CQ (50 μM) for 48 h or 72 h. The MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. The uncropped blots are displayed in Additional file 1. (Data are mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 3)