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Table 1 Immunohistochemical studies of somatostatin receptor expression in thyroid carcinomas

From: Comparative evaluation of somatostatin and CXCR4 receptor expression in different types of thyroid carcinoma using well-characterised monoclonal antibodies

Study

Samples (n)

Entities tested

SST subtypes

Type of antibody

Positivity (%)

Type of staining

Correlations with clinical data

Papotti et al. 2001 [13]

51

MTC

SST1–5

rabbit polyclonal (self-generated)

SST1: 49%, SST2: 43%, SST3: 47%, SST4: 4%, SST5: 57%

cell membrane and cytoplasm

no correlations with age, sex, tumour size or stage, histological type or outcome

Druckenthaner et al. 2007 [14]

8

7 PTC, 1 FTC

SST2

rabbit polyclonal (Gramsch)

87%

cell membrane

–

Pisarek et al. 2009 [15]

4

2 PTC, 2 PDC

SST1–5

rabbit polyclonal (Gramsch)

SST1: 88.8%, SST2: 44.4%, SST3: 55.5%, SST4: 11.2%, SST5: 33.3%

cell membrane and cytoplasm

–

Müssig et al. 2012 [16]

93

67 PTC, 26 FTC

SST1–5

SST2: rabbit monoclonal (clone UMB1) (Abcam); SST1, SST3, SST4, SST5: rabbit polyclonal (Gramsch)

SST1: 29%, SST2: 19%, SST3: 19%, SST4: 25%, SST5: 15%

cytoplasm

SST2 expression associated with good prognosis

Pazaitou-Panayiotou et al. 2012 [17]

47 (TMA)

38 PTC, 4 FTC, 2 ATC, 3 HTC

SST1–5

rabbit polyclonal (self-generated)

SST1: 75%, SST2: 100%, SST3: 100%, SST4: 38%, SST5: 75%

cell membrane and cytoplasm

no correlations found with tumour size or any other clinicopathological parameters

Woelfl et al. 2014 [18]

87

52 PTC, 24 FTC, 6 MTC, 2 PDC, 3 ATC

SST2, SST5

rabbit monoclonal (clones UMB1, UMB4) (Abcam)

SST2: 11.49%, SST5: 86.20%

cell membrane

SST5 expression associated with good prognosis

Herac et al. 2016 [19]

97

MTC

SST2, SST5

Rabbit monoclonal (clones UMB1; UMB4) (Abcam)

SST2: 66%, SST5: 37.5%

cell membrane and cytoplasm

SST2: positive correlation with presence of lymph node MTS, locally advanced stage, desmoplasia and Ki-67 index; SST5: positive correlation with locally advanced stage and desmoplasia

Kendler et al. 2017 [20]

42

MTC

SST1, SST2, SST3, SST5

rabbit monoclonal (clones UMB7, UMB1, UMB5, UMB4) (Abcam)

SST1: 45.2%, SST2: 28.6%, SST3: 81%, SST5: 54.8%

cell membrane and cytoplasm

positive correlation between SST1 expression and response to initial surgery

de Vries et al. 2018 [21]

114 (TMA)

MTC + 34 MTS

SST2

rabbit monoclonal, clone unknown (Biotrend)

50.9% of PT

cell membrane

positive correlation with overall survival; different expression in PT and MTS

Carmona Matos et al. 2019 [22]

97 (TMA)

57 PTC, 28 FTC, 10 ATC, 2 PDC

SST2

rabbit monoclonal, clone UMB1 (Abcam)

n/s

nuclear and cytoplasm

–

Thakur et al. 2021 [23]

84 (TMA)

39 PTC, 19 FTC, 6 PDC, 4 HTC, 16 MTC

SST2

rabbit polyclonal (ab9550) (Abcam)

SST2: 50% high expression

n/s

–

  1. ATC Anaplastic thyroid cancer, FTC Follicular thyroid cancer, HTC Hürthle  cell thyroid cancer, MTC Medullary thyroid cancer, MTS Metastasis/metastases; n/s, not specified, PDC Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, PT Primary tumour, PTC Papillary thyroid cancer, SST Somatostatin receptor, TMA Tissue microarray