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Fig. 4 | BMC Cancer

Fig. 4

From: Targeting autophagy increases the efficacy of proteasome inhibitor treatment in multiple myeloma by induction of apoptosis and activation of JNK

Fig. 4

Inhibition of autophagy in combination with ixazomib induces cell toxicity in multiple myeloma cells. KMS11 were treated with 10 nM ixazomib and in combination with autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 (BAF, 5 nM) (n = 3) or chloroquine (CQ, 40 μM), (n = 2). A Cell viability was measured using PI staining after 72 h with BAF and CQ combined treatments respectively. B The table represents bliss formula calculation for drug combination analysis. The percentage of inhibitory effect of combined drugs was calculated by bliss formula in comparison with observed inhibitory effect. Based on this formula, we showed that ixazomib in combination with autophagy inhibitors (BAF or CQ) act synergistic. In addition, combination of Index was calculated based on Chou-Talalay. C Primary BM MNCs were isolated from multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis (n = 7, one representative is shown) and treated with ixazomib 10 nM, chloroquine 40 μM and ixazomib plus chloroquine. After 48 h, 5 × 10.4 of all pretreated cells were seeded in CFU culture medium. Colony numbers were counted after 14 days of culture using inverted light microscopy. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all of the analysis (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)

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