Fig. 3

The profile of esophageal microbiota between tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues. A PCoA plots based on four distances between tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues. B The overlap of microbiota features between tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues. C Microbial relative abundances at the phylum level in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues. D Heat tree plot of the relative abundance (higher than 0.1%) of microbiota in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues. E The heat trees of microbiota for log2 ratio of median relative abundance between tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues by univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test. F The differentially abundant taxa between cancer and para-cancer in all regions (Panel A), Zhangzhou city (Panel B) and other regions (Panel C) after multivariate adjustment using ANCOM2. G Heatmap of the relative abundance of differential microbiota (the red words on the right side of the heatmap are enriched differential taxa in tumor tissue, and the green words are enriched that in tumor-adjacent tissue)