Table 3 Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%-confidence intervals (CI) from Cox regression with shared frailty

Certified center (ref: no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

yes

0.82

(0.78,0.86)

0.82

(0.78,0.86)

0.84

(0.81,0.88)

0.89

(0.85,0.93)

Age (ref: 18-59)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

60-79

1.43

(1.38,1.48)

1.47

(1.42,1.52)

1.46

(1.41,1.51)

80+

2.22

(2.14,2.31)

2.49

(2.39,2.59)

2.46

(2.37,2.56)

Sex (ref: female)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

male

1.05

(1.03,1.07)

1.04

(1.02,1.06)

1.04

(1.02,1.06)

Other oncological disease (ref: no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

yes

0.94

(0.92,0.96)

0.85

(0.83,0.87)

0.85

(0.83,0.87)

Distant metastasis (ref: no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

yes

2.33

(2.28,2.38)

2.31

(2.27,2.36)

Hospital beds (ref: 1-299)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

300-499

0.95

(0.92,0.99)

500-999

0.88

(0.84,0.92)

1000+

0.82

(0.77,0.87)

Teaching hospital (ref: no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

yes

0.96

(0.93,0.99)

University hospital (ref: no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

yes

0.81

(0.74,0.88)

Hospital ownership (ref: public)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

non-profit

1.00

(0.96,1.03)

private

1.01

(0.97,1.05)

Calendar year dummies

yes

yes

yes

yes

Elixhauser comorbidities

no

yes

yes

yes

Number of patients

45,318

45,318

45,318

45,318

Number of hospitals

1,051

1,051

1,051

1,051

SD(RE)

0.26

0.21

0.19

0.16