Fig. 5

Assessment of pathologic findings obtained at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 days after treatment in different groups and the semi-quantitative analysis of VEGF (A-B) and CD31 (C-D). The expression of VEGF in the direct RFA group and indirect RFA group were always similar at all time points. The expression of CD31 (red) was increased at 24 h after RFA in both direct RFA and indirect RFA groups compared to the control group. The bar graph showed the percentage of positive cells among the direct RFA group (blue), indirect RFA group (red) and control group (grey) at different time points after RFA. The representative microphotographs were under 200 × magnification (A, C)