Table 3 Comparison of the new prognostic model with conventional models for stratifying survival outcomes in the training and validation cohorts

 Low (0)

285 (40.7)

84.0 (79.8–88.4)

90.9 (87.6–94.7)

118 (39.7)

87.2 (81.3–93.5)

91.2 (86.2–96.6)

 Low-intermediate (1)

85 (12.1)

72.1 (62.9–82.5)

80.4 (72.2–89.5)

38 (12.8)

68.0 (54.5–84.8)

77.8 (65.3–92.8)

 High-intermediate (2–3)

176 (25.1)

55.7 (48.8–63.6)

66.7 (59.9–74.3)

89 (30.0)

56.7 (47.3–68.1)

65.6 (56.3–76.4)

 High (4)

53 (7.6)

33.7 (23.0–49.2)

49.1 (36.9–65.2)

22 (7.4)

36.4 (20.9–63.2)

47.7 (30.5–74.7)

 Very High (≥5)

102 (14.6)

19.0 (12.5–29.1)

29.7 (21.7–40.6)

30 (10.1)

23.3 (12.2–44.6)

26.7 (14.7–48.3)

 Low (0–1)

390 (55.6)

80.0 (76.1–84.1)

87.2 (83.9–90.7)

162 (54.5)

80.5 (74.6–86.9)

87.1 (82.0–92.6)

 Low-intermediate (2)

131 (18.7)

55.3 (47.3–64.5)

64.1 (56.2–73.1)

72 (24.2)

56.9 (46.5–69.6)

64.7 (54.5–76.9)

 High-intermediate (3)

116 (16.5)

33.7 (26.0–43.7)

50.0 (41.4–60.3)

40 (13.5)

47.5 (34.3–65.8)

55.0 (41.6–72.8)

 High (4–5)

64 (9.1)

20.6 (12.4–34.3)

30.1 (20.3–44.6)

23 (7.7)

17.4 (7.1–42.4)

21.7 (10.0–47.2)

 Very good (0)

174 (24.8)

87.1 (82.2–92.3)

92.6 (88.7–96.7)

77 (25.9)

81.7 (73.4–90.8)

86.5 (79.0–94.7)

 Good (1–2)

347 (49.5)

67.1 (62.3–72.2)

75.8 (71.4–80.6)

157 (52.9)

69.1 (62.2–76.8)

77.2 (70.8–84.1)

 Poor (≥3)

180 (25.7)

29.1 (23.1–36.8)

42.8 (35.9–51.1)

63 (21.2)

36.5 (26.4–50.6)

42.9 (32.2–57.0)

 Low (0–1)

221 (31.5)

85.3 (80.7–90.1)

91.5 (87.8–95.3)

95 (32.0)

80.8 (73.3–89.2)

85.9 (79.0–93.3)

 Low-intermediate (2–3)

313 (44.7)

63.8 (58.6–69.4)

71.9 (66.9–77.1)

143 (48.1)

67.5 (60.2–75.7)

75.7 (69.0–83.2)

 High-intermediate (4–5)

146 (20.8)

31.5 (24.7–40.1)

49.0 (41.3–58.3)

53 (17.8)

37.6 (26.5–53.2)

44.0 (32.4–59.9)

 High (≥6)

21 (3.0)

9.4 (1.7–51.1)

11.9 (3.4–41.3)

6 (2.0)

16.7 (2.8–99.7)

16.7 (2.8–99.7)