Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses to examine risk factors for remnant pancreatic recurrence

 Age (years)

≥65 vs < 65

68 vs 23

1.05

0.40-3.27

0.919

–

–

–

 Sex

Male vs Female

57 vs 34

0.51

0.20-1.26

0.144

–

–

–

 Location of IPMN

pancreas head vs pancreas body/tail

57 vs 34

0.48

0.19-1.19

0.114

–

–

–

 Multifocal IPMN

vs single lesion

23 vs 67

1.80

0.66-4.56

0.239

–

–

–

 Obstructive jaundice

present vs absent

5 vs 86

4.15

0.22-24.39

0.266

–

–

–

 Enhancing solid component on CT

present vs absent

25 vs 66

1.88

0.66-4.83

0.225

–

–

–

 Main pancreatic duct (mm)

≥ 10 vs < 10

16 vs 75

0.82

0.19-2.46

0.743

–

–

–

 Size of BD-IPMN (mm)

≥ 30 vs < 30

36 vs 39

0.51

0.14-1.57

0.247

–

–

–

 Definite mural nodule on EUS

present vs absent

51 vs 35

1.21

0.49-3.26

0.682

–

–

–

 MPD stenosis or disruption

present vs absent

17 vs 69

8.03

2.92-21.54

<.001

10.63

2.40-45.48

0.002

 Pancreatic fluid cytology

class4-5 vs 1-3

17 vs 61

4.20

1.52-10.87

0.007

0.36

0.08-1.56

0.169

 CEA (ng/ml)

elevated vs not elevated

24 vs 67

0.48

0.11-1.45

0.211

–

–

–

 CA19-9 (U/ml)

elevated vs not elevated

24 vs 67

1.62

0.52-4.27

0.380

–

–

–

 Operative procedure

pancreatoduodenectomy vs distal/middle pancreatectomy

57 vs 34

0.58

0.23-1.45

0.243

–

–

–

 Surgical margin

IPMC/HGD vs negative/LGD

9 vs 82

7.00

2.48-18.27

<.001

4.40

1.31-14.60

0.018

 Pathological classification

IPMC vs LGD

30 vs 42

9.05

3.00-33.42

<.001

2.39

0.57-10.82

0.235

HGD vs LGD

19 vs 42

2.18

0.51-9.22

0.280

2.18

0.47-9.94

0.308

IPMC vs HGD

30 vs 19

4.15

1.36-15.46

0.011

1.09

0.31-4.49

0.891