Table 1 Summary of clinicopathological characteristics and correlations between recurrence patterns
| Â | All | no recurrence | Rem-Panc | Ex-panc | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 91 | n = 65 | n = 19 | n = 7 | ||
Age | |||||
 years, mean (IQR) | 68.9 (64-74) | 69.1 (65-75) | 69.2 (63-74) | 65.0 (59-73) | 0.41 |
Sex | |||||
 Female, n (%) | 34 (37.4) | 20 (30.8) | 10 (52.6) | 4 (57.1) | 0.12 |
 Male, n (%) | 57 (62.6) | 45 (69.2) | 9 (47.4) | 3 (42.9) |  |
Location of IPMN | |||||
 Head of the pancreas, n (%) | 57 (62.6) | 43 (66.2) | 8 (42.1) | 6 (85.7) | 0.07 |
 Pancreas body and tail, n (%) | 34 (37.4) | 22 (33.9) | 11 (57.9) | 1 (14.3) |  |
MPD diameter | |||||
 mm, median (IQR) | 5.5 (3.1-8) | 5.5 (3.1-8.7) | 5.2 (2.8-7.6) | 6.0 (3.6-7) | 0.93 |
Size of cyst | |||||
 mm, median (IQR) | 29 (20-40) | 30 (20-44) | 24 (18-38) | 33 (16-42) | 0.62 |
Multifocal IPMN | |||||
 yes, n (%) | 23 (25.6) | 15 (23.1) | 7 (38.9) | 1 (14.3) | 0.31 |
Clinical symptom | |||||
 Jaundice, n (%) | 5 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (57.1) | < 0.001 |
 Pancreatitis, n (%) | 9 (9.9) | 8 (12.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) |  |
 none, n (%) | 77 (84.6) | 57 (87.7) | 17 (89.5) | 3 (42.9) |  |
Enhancing solid component at CT | |||||
 yes, n (%) | 25 (27.5) | 14 (21.5) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (71.4) | 0.02 |
Definite mural nodule at EUS | |||||
 yes, n (%) | 51 (59.3) | 34 (55.7) | 12 (63.2) | 5 (83.3) | 0.39 |
MPD stenosis or disruption | |||||
 yes, n (%) | 17 (19.8) | 6 (9.8) | 8 (44.4) | 3 (42.9) | 0.002 |
Pancreatic fluid cytology | |||||
 Class 1, n (%) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 Class 2, n (%) | 32 (41.0) | 27 (50.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0 (0) |  |
 Class 3, n (%) | 28 (35.9) | 21 (39.6) | 5 (27.8) | 2 (28.6) |  |
 Class 4, n (%) | 3 (3.9) | 2 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) |  |
 Class 5, n (%) | 14 (20.0) | 3 (5.7) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (57.1) |  |
Serum CEA | |||||
 ng/ml, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.8-4.0) | 2.6 (1.7-4.2) | 2.4 (1.7-3.1) | 2.9 (2.4-8.1) | 0.34 |
Serum CA19-9 | |||||
 U/ml, median (IQR) | 16.8 (8.6-41) | 13.8 (8.2-30) | 18.8 (12.4-63) | 151 (83-155) | < 0.001 |
Operative procedure | |||||
 Pancreatoduodenectomy, n (%) | 57 (62.6) | 42 (64.6) | 9 (47.4) | 6 (85.7) | 0.14 |
 Middle pancreatectomy, n (%) | 5 (5.5) | 2 (3.1) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) |  |
 Distal pancreatectomy, n (%) | 29 (31.9) | 21 (32.3) | 7 (36.8) | 1 (14.3) |  |
Pathology | |||||
 LGD, n (%) | 42 (46.2) | 38 (58.5) | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 HGD, n (%) | 19 (20.9) | 15 (23.1) | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0) |  |
 IPMC, n (%) | 30 (33.0) | 12 (18.5) | 11 (57.9) | 7 (100) |  |
Surgical margin | |||||
 Negative, n (%) | 60 (65.9) | 47 (72.3) | 9 (47.4) | 4 (57.1) | 0.005 |
 LGD, n (%) | 22 (24.2) | 17 (26.2) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (14.3) |  |
 HGD, n (%) | 6 (6.6) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (14.3) |  |
 IPMC, n (%) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (14.3) |  |
T factor of HGD/IPMC** | |||||
 Tis, n (%) | 19 (38.8) | 15 (55.6) | 4 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
 T1, n (%) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (20.0) | 0 (0) |  |
 T2, n (%) | 2 (4.1) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 T3, n (%) | 23 (46.9) | 8 (29.6) | 8 (53.3) | 7 (100) |  |
Lymph node metastasis in IPMC†| |||||
 yes, n (%) | 12 (25.0) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (27.3) | 5 (71.4) | 0.146 |
 no, n (%) | 18 (60.0) | 8 (66.7) | 8 (72.7) | 2 (28.6) |  |
Adjuvant chemotherapy for IPMC†| |||||
 yes, n (%) | 20 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 8 (72.7) | 6 (85.7) | 0.243 |
 no, n (%) | 10 (33.3) | 6 (50.0) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (14.3) |  |