Factors associated with serum CA125 level in women without ovarian cancer in the United States: a population-based study

Table 5 Associations between candidate correlating factors and percent change in CA125 levels among postmenopausal women (N = 1116) by univariable and multivariable linear regressions

Variables	Univariable linear regressions^a			Multivariable linear regressions^b
Variables	Effect estimate	CA125 change	P value	Effect estimate	Standard error	CA125 change	P value
Smoking
Current	−0.096	−9.15%	0.258
Former	−0.014	−1.39%	0.835
None	ref
EtOH
> 2 drinks/day	−0.178	−16.31%	0.076	−0.267	0.129	−23.43%	0.055
1–2 drinks/day	0.021	2.12%	0.545	0.050	0.072	5.13%	0.499
None	ref
Caffeine	−0.0002	−0.02%	0.034	−0.00002	0.0002	−0.002%	0.887
Age of menarche
> 12	0.020	2.02%	0.687
≤ 12	ref
Breastfeed^c	0.020	2.02%	0.689
OCP duration
10+ years	0.009	0.90%	0.914
5–10 years	−0.002	−0.20%	0.978
2–5 years	0.070	7.25%	0.543
< 2 years	ref
CRP	0.057	5.87%	0.074	−0.028	0.069	−2.76%	0.696
Ferritin	−0.0003	−0.03%	0.138	0.00062	0.0006	0.06%	0.473
Osteoporosis	−0.017	−1.69%	0.750
Osteoarthritis	−0.048	−4.69%	0.333
Hysterectomy	−0.084	−8.06%	0.050	−0.095	0.120	−9.06%	0.441
Oophorectomy	−0.104	−9.88%	0.061	−0.050	0.102	−4.88%	0.628
Salpingectomy	0.044	4.50%	0.381
Endometriosis	−0.205	−18.54%	0.126	−0.068	0.112	−6.57%	0.554
Fibroids	−0.242	−21.49%	0.046	−0.161	0.132	−14.87%	0.242
CAD^d	0.131	14.00%	0.134	0.249	0.115	28.27%	0.047
HLD	0.054	5.55%	0.364
Non-ovarian cancer	−0.048	−4.69%	0.299

EtOH alcohol, CHC current hormonal contraception, OCP oral contraceptive pill, CRP C reactive protein, CAD coronary artery disease, HLD hyperlipidemia
^a All univariable regressions were adjusted for baseline variables including age, race/ethnicity, BMI, parity and current hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use
^b Multivariable regressions included the baseline variables (age, race/ethnicity, BMI, parity, HRT) and eligible variables from univariable analyses with cut-off p value < 0.25
^c For the “Breastfeed” variable, the reference for parity is one instead of none
^d This variable demonstrated significant association with CA125 level in the multivariable linear regression model

ISSN: 1471-2407