Table 1 Summary of studies examining CA125 level in women without ovarian cancer
Authors (Year) | Number of patients | Menopausal status | CA125 assay used | Association with higher CA125 | Association with lower CA125 | Reference number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pauler et al. (2001) | 18,748 (St. Bartholomew’s/ Royal London Hospital Ovarian Cancer screening trial) | Postmenopausal | CA125II radioimmunoassay (Centocor) at a single laboratory site | -Caucasian race -Prior cancer diagnosis other than ovarian cancer | -Age -African/Asian races -Hysterectomy -Regular smoking -Regular caffeine consumption | [17] |
Johnson et al. (2008) | 25,608 (PLCO study) | Postmenopausal | CA125II radioimmunoassay (Centocor) | -Age -Former smoking -Ever use of hormone therapy -History of breast cancer | -Non-White status -Current smoking -Hysterectomy -Obesity | [18] |
Akinwunmi et al. (2018) | 2,004 (NEC study) | Premenopausal, Postmenopausal | CA125II radioimmunoassay, Clinical and Epidemiology Research Laboratory (CERLab) at Boston Children’s Hospital | Premenopausal: -Endometriosis -Coronary artery disease | Premenopausal: -Hysterectomy -Colon polyps | [9] |
Postmenopausal: -Inflammatory bowel disease | Postmenopausal: -Osteoporosis -Osteoarthritis -Hypercholesterolemia | |||||
Sasamoto et al. (2019) | 815 (NEC study, model development) 473 (EPIC study, model validation) | Premenopausal | CA125II radioimmmunoassay (Centocor, Malvern, PA), CERLab at Boston Children’s Hospital (NEC study) Meso Scale Discovery (MSD): volume-effective highly sensitive multiplex platform (Gaithersburg, MD), Genital Tract Biology Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (EPIC study) | -Age 30–39 -Early follicular menstrual phase -Endometriosis -Fibroids | -Age < 30 or > 50 -Menstrual phases other than early follicular -Current hormonal contraception use -Tubal ligation | [19] |
Sasamoto et al. (2019) | 26,981 (PLCO study, model development) 861 (EPIC study) + 81 (NHS/NHSI) +  923 (NEC study) (model validation) | Postmenopausal | CA-125II radioimmunoassay (Centocor) (PLCO study) CA-125II radioimmunoassay (Centocor), CERLab at Boston Children’s Hospital (NEC and NHS/NHSII studies) Meso Scale Discovery (MSD): volume-effective highly sensitive multiplex platform (Gaithersburg, MD), Genital Tract Biology Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (EPIC study) | -Age -White race -Lower BMI -Former smoking status -Shorter duration of smoking among former smokers -Older age at first menstrual period -Older age at last menstrual period -Shorter time since menopause -Higher parity -History of benign ovarian cyst -Ever use and longer duration of hormone therapy | -Hysterectomy | [10] |