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Table 3 The clinical data of patients with metastatic GTN without primary lesions reported in the literature

From: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with extrauterine metastasis but lacked uterine primary lesions: a single center experience and literature review

Author

Age

G/P

Symptoms

Signs

Antecedent pregnancy

Interval times

Pretreatment hCG(IU/L)

Initial diagnosis

Metastasis site

Number of metastases

Diagnostic method

Pathological diagnosis

FIGO stage and Prognostic score

Subsequent treatment

Outcomes

Lei et al

49

1/1

None

Lung mass

Mole

N/A

N/A

N/A

Lung

1

VATS

ETT

/

N/A

NED

Ru et al

33

3/1

None

Vaginal mass

Abortion

6 months

70

N/A

Vaginal wall, lung

N/A

Mass excision

ETT

/

2 cycles of EMA-CO

NED

Chohan et al

36

4/4

Severe low back pain

T10 radiculopathy

Term

2 weeks

16

Infiltrating tumor

Spine, liver, lung

Multiple

Laminectomy

ETT

/

EMA-CO

DOD

Urabe et al

38

5/4

Poor physical condition

Lung mass

Term

N/A

80.1

CC

Lung

Multiple

VATS

ETT

/

6 cycles of EMA-CO, thoracoscopy

Relapse

Hamazaki et al

32

3/1

None

Lung mass

Mole

5 years

N/A

Lung cancer

Lung

1

VATS

ETT

/

N/A

NED

Hamazaki et al

42

2/2

Hemoptysis and cough

Small nodules in lung and liver

N/A

N/A

N/A

Lung cancer

Lung, liver

Multiple

VATS

ETT

/

Chemotherapy

NED

Bell et al

47

2/2

Recurrent respiratory infections

Pulmonary emboli, pulmonary nodules, and infarcts

N/A

12 years

9

N/A

Lung, the infrahilar mass, rectus abdominis muscles, a right external iliac lymph node

Multiple

External iliac lymph node biopsy

ETT

/

7 cycles of EP-EMA, 29 times of pembrolizumab

NED

Davis et al

49

N/A

None

None

Term

16 years

6.9

N/A

Intra-abdominal

Multiple

TAH, BSO, tumor debulking

ETT

/

EP-EMA, prior to surgery

NED

Whaley et al

56

N/A

Metastatic cervical carcinoma with liver hemorrhage

None

N/A

N/A

5365.1

N/A

Liver

N/A

N/A

CC

IV

N/A

N/A

Whaley et al

40

N/A

Splenic injury with liver hemorrhage

None

N/A

N/A

13.4

N/A

Liver

N/A

N/A

CC

IV

N/A

N/A

Whaley et al

25

N/A

Retroperitoneal bleed

None

N/A

N/A

610,000

N/A

Lung

N/A

N/A

CC

III

N/A

N/A

Maruoka et al

26

N/A

High level of hcg, a pulmonary nodule

Lung mass

Mole

6 years

233.8

Ectopic pregnancy

Lung

1

VATS

CC

III; 6

N/A

N/A

  1. N/A, Not available; None, no positive symptoms and signs; G/P, Gravida/para; hCG, Human chorionic gonadotropin; IU/L, International units per liter; FIGO, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology; CC, choriocarcinoma; ETT, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; TAH, total abdominal hysterectomy; BSO, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; /, ETT does not apply to the FIGO scoring system and is not rated. EMA-CO, Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin-D/Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine; EP-EMA, Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin-D/Etoposide, Cisplatin. NED, no evidence of disease; DOD, dead of disease