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Table 2 Hazard ratios (HRs) of clinical factors for breast cancer incidence

From: Cardiovascular risk factors and breast cancer incidence in a large middle-aged cohort study

 

Model 1

HR (95% CI)a

Model 2

HR (95% CI)b

Model 3

HR (95% CI)c

Continuous variables

 BMI

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

1.08 (0.99, 1.18)

0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

 Waist-to-hip ratio

0.99 (0.91, 1.07)

1.01 (0.93, 1.11)

0.94 (0.86, 1.04)

 Blood glucose level

1.07 (0.98, 1.16)

1.09 (1.00, 1.19)*

1.09 (0.96, 1.23)

 TC

0.97 (0.90, 1.06)

0.96 (0.89, 1.05)

0.99 (0.88, 1.12)

 HDL

0.97 (0.90, 1.06)

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

1.01 (0.92, 1.10)

 LDL

0.99 (0.91, 1.07)

1.01 (0.92, 1.10)

1.01 (0.90, 1.13)

 TG

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

1.02 (0.94, 1.11)

0.98 (0.89, 1.08)

 ApolA1

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

1.03 (0.95, 1.13)

 ApolB

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

1.03 (0.93, 1.14)

Categorical variables

 Waist-to-hip ratio

   ≤ 0.85

Reference

Reference

Reference

   > 0.85

0.98 (0.82, 1.17)

1.02 (0.85, 1.23)

0.92 (0.75, 1.12)

 Blood glucose level (mmol/L)

   < 5.6

Reference

Reference

Reference

   ≥ 5.6 to < 7.0

1.05 (0.87, 1.26)

1.08 (0.90, 1.30)

1.03 (0.85, 1.25)

   ≥ 7.0

1.17 (0.89, 1.55)

1.28 (0.96, 1.70)

1.18 (0.75, 1.85)

 TC (mmol/L)

  Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Q2

0.92 (0.73, 1.16)

0.93 (0.73, 1.17)

0.93 (0.73, 1.17)

  Q3

0.95 (0.76, 1.19)

0.99 (0.79, 1.26)

0.89 (0.61, 1.29)

  Q4

0.83 (0.65, 1.05)

0.88 (0.69, 1.12)

0.75 (0.48, 1.18)

 HDL (mmol/L)

  Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Q2

0.89 (0.70, 1.12)

0.88 (0.70, 1.11)

0.91 (0.72, 1.15)

  Q3

0.94 (0.75, 1.18)

0.92 (0.73, 1.16)

1.00 (0.79, 1.26)

  Q4

0.84 (0.67, 1.06)

0.83 (0.65, 1.04)

0.92 (0.72, 1.18)

 LDL (mmol/L)

  Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Q2

0.97 (0.77, 1.22)

0.97 (0.77, 1.22)

0.95 (0.76, 1.21)

  Q3

0.95 (0.75, 1.19)

0.98 (0.78, 1.23)

0.91 (0.70, 1.20)

  Q4

0.86 (0.68, 1.09)

0.92 (0.72, 1.16)

0.82 (0.59, 1.15)

 TG (mmol/L)

  Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Q2

1.04 (0.82, 1.33)

1.06 (0.83, 1.35)

1.04 (0.81, 1.32)

  Q3

1.17 (0.93, 1.48)

1.23 (0.97, 1.56)

1.17 (0.91, 1.49)

  Q4

1.11 (0.88, 1.42)

1.18 (0.92, 1.51)

1.07 (0.82, 1.41)

 Race/Ethnicity

  Black

Reference

Reference

Reference

  White

1.16 (0.96, 1.40)

1.18 (0.96, 1.46)

1.31 (1.05, 1.63)*

 Alcohol drinking habit

  Never

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Ever

0.96 (0.74, 1.23)

0.93 (0.72, 1.20)

0.91 (0.70, 1.18)

  Current

1.06 (0.88, 1.27)

1.00 (0.82, 1.21)

0.99 (0.81, 1.22)

 Menopausal status

  Postmenopause

Reference

Reference

Reference

  Premenopause

1.47 (1.23, 1.77)*

1.49 (1.23, 1.79)*

1.50 (1.24, 1.81)*

 Education level

  Below High school

Reference

Reference

Reference

  High school/ graduate school

0.95 (0.77, 1.17)

0.90 (0.72, 1.12)

0.93 (0.74, 1.16)

  College/ graduate/ professional school

1.08 (0.87, 1.35)

1.02 (0.80, 1.30)

1.09 (0.85, 1.40)

 Income (US$/Year)

   < 16,000

Reference

Reference

Reference

   ≥ 16,000 to < 25,000

1.13 (0.88, 1.46)

1.08 (0.83, 1, 41)

1.10 (0.84, 1.44)

   ≥ 25,000 to < 35,000

0.92 (0.72, 1.17)

0.84 (0.65, 1.09)

0.87 (0.67, 1.13)

   ≥ 35,000 to < 50,000

1.09 (0.84, 1.40)

0.96 (0.72, 1.27)

1.00 (0.75, 1.33)

   ≥ 50,000

1.08 (0.85, 1.38)

0.89 (0.67, 1.19)

0.95 (0.71, 1.27)

  1. Hazard ratios for continuous variables are expressed as unit change per 1 SD
  2. a Model 1 adjusted for no factors
  3. b Model 2 adjusted for race/ethnicity, menopausal status, education level, and income
  4. c Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 plus cardiovascular risk factor (Obesity status, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habit, healthy diet scores, and physical activity)
  5. * P-value < 0.05
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BMC Cancer

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