Fig. 4

Serotonin upregulated NF-κB expression through LICAM signaling. A Western blotting of NF-κB in LN229/T98G cells, serotonin (10 nM) cultured LN229/T98G cells treated with scrambled and L1CAM siRNA. B Cell proliferation of serotonin (10 nM) cultured LN229/T98G cells treated with PBS and QNZ (10 nM). C Relative migrating cells of serotonin (10 nM) cultured LN229/T98G cells treated with PBS and QNZ (10 nM). D Serotonin (10 nM) cultured LN229/T98G cells were pre-treated with QNZ (10 nM, 48 h). Then cell apoptosis of LN229/T98G treated with PBS or TMZ (1 μg/ml, 48 h) were determined. E Overall survival of glioma patients with high NFKB1 (n = 49) and low NFKB1 (n = 50) expression