Prognostic impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptors blockers in esophageal or gastric cancer patients with hypertension - a real-world study

Table 1 Multivariable analysis of cancer-specific mortality in esophageal and gastric cancer

	Esophageal cancer				Gastric cancer
	Adjusted HR with SIPTW^a,b	95% CI		p-value	Adjusted HR with SIPTW^a,b	95% CI		p-value
At the post-diagnosis period
ACEIs/ARBs non-user	Ref				Ref
ACEIs/ARBs users	0.88	0.76	1.02	0.097	0.87	0.78	0.97	0.016
Gender
Female	Ref				Ref
Male	1.04	0.82	1.32	0.756	1.00	0.90	1.11	0.972
Age group
20–49	Ref
50–64	0.82	0.62	1.09	0.171	1.02	0.74	1.42	0.897
65–74	0.92	0.69	1.23	0.580	1.13	0.81	1.56	0.478
≥ 75	1.06	0.77	1.45	0.724	1.38	0.99	1.90	0.054
Stage of cancer
stage_ ≤ 1	Ref				Ref
stage_2	2.40	1.70	3.39	<.0001	2.71	2.21	3.32	<.0001
stage_3	3.99	2.83	5.62	<.0001	6.27	5.21	7.55	<.0001
stage_4	5.47	3.83	7.83	<.0001	14.06	11.62	17.01	<.0001
Surgery
No	Ref				Ref
Yes	0.60	0.51	0.72	<.0001	0.40	0.36	0.45	<.0001
Radiation therapy
No	Ref				Ref
Yes	0.98	0.79	1.22	0.846	1.20	1.01	1.42	0.043
Chemotherapy
No	Ref				Ref
Yes	0.81	0.64	1.03	0.086	0.75	0.66	0.85	<.0001
cDDD at the post-diagnosis period^c
Non-user	Ref				Ref
Low-dose group^d	0.96	0.82	1.12	0.612	1.06	0.93	1.20	0.377
High-dose group^e	0.65	0.54	0.78	<.0001	0.65	0.57	0.75	<.0001
Anti-HTN drugs at the post-diagnosis period^f
Non_ CCBs	Ref				Ref
CCBs users	1.19	1.01	1.40	0.039	0.91	0.82	1.02	0.105
Non_ Beta-blockers	Ref				Ref
Beta-blockers users	1.06	0.91	1.24	0.457	1.11	0.99	1.25	0.075
Non_ Diuretics	Ref				Ref
Diuretics users	1.25	1.07	1.46	0.006	1.52	1.37	1.69	<.0001
Non_ Other anti-HTN	Ref				Ref
Other anti-HTN users	1.00	0.79	1.27	0.984	1.01	0.85	1.19	0.950

^aSIPTW Stabilize inverse probability of treatment weighting
^bAdjusted variables included age, gender, year of diagnosis, histology, cancer stage, geographic region, comorbidities (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, mild liver disease, diabetes, moderate or severe renal disease, diabetes without chronic complication), cancer-related treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, target therapy), anti-hypertensive medication (calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, diuretics, other-classes antihypertension) and co-medication within 6 months before and after cancer diagnosis (metformin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, bisphosphonates, antithrombotic agents)
^cCumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) was calculated as each patient received DDD of ACEIs/ARBs at the post-diagnosis period (within 6 months after cancer diagnosis)
^dLow-dose defined as patients received the cDDD of ACEIs/ARBs at the post-diagnosis period was lower than the median cDDD of ACEIs/ARBs. The median cDDD of ACEIs/ARBs at the post-diagnosis period in esophageal and gastric cancer patients were 113.5 and 122, respectively
^eHigh-dose defined as patients received the cDDD of ACEIs/ARBs at the post-diagnosis period was at least the median cDDD of ACEIs/ARBs
^fHTN hypertension, CCB calcium channel blocker

ISSN: 1471-2407