Fig. 2

αM decreased CSCs and 5-FU–induced CSCs. A HT29 cells were treated with 0, 0.5, and 1.0 μM αM and with or without 2 μM 5-FU for 72 h. CD44-FITC and CD133-PE double-positive cells were analyzed using flow cytometry in HT29 cells. αM decreased the proportion of CD44 and CD133 cells relative to the control group, and αM with 5-FU treatment also reduced this proportion relative to 5-FU only. All data indicate dose-dependent effects. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM values. N = 10 (B) The 3D spheroid invasion assay was conducted to analyze the effect of αM on cancer cell invasion. αM significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion compared to the control group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD values. N = 5 ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001