Table 5  Factors associated with postoperative complications^a after major resections with curative intent (R0 and R1); n = 1021^b

Age (years)

   < 65

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  65—74

1.51 (1.08 to 2.11)

1.35 (0.94 to 1.96)

  75 – 79

2.13 (1.47 to 3.08)

1.51 (0.99 to 2.28)

  80—84

2.83 (1.93 to 4.17)

1.96 (1.27 to 3.03)

  85 – 89

2.96 (1.73 to 5.03)

2.14 (1.18 to 3.87) 

  ≥ 90

7.60 (3.11 to 18.58)

5.36 (2.11 to 13.61)

Female sex

0.99 (0.78 to 1.25)

1.15 (0.89 to 1.49)

Calendar year

  1980–1989

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  1990–1999

0.46 (0.32 to 0.67)

0.44 (0.30 to 0.66)

  2000–2009

0.43 (0.30 to 0.60)

0.50 (0.33 to 0.94)

  2010–2016

0.47 (0.33 to 0.68)

0.61 (0.40 to 0.94)

ASA score

  1–2

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  3

2.00 (1.56 to 2.56)

1.43 (1.08 to 1.90)

  4–5

19.07 (9.56 to 38.05)

10.86 (5.19 to 22.73)

Emergency surgery

2.51 (1.75 to 3.60)

2.30 (1.57 to 3.39)

Anaemia (g/dL haemoglobin)

  Female ≥ 12.0, Male ≥ 13.0

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  Female 10–11.9, Male 11–12.9

1.97 (1.47 to 2.64)

2.26 (1.64 to 3.11)

  Female < 10, Male < 11

4.76 (3.53 to 6.43)

5.61 (4.01 to 7.84)

Surgery duration (minutes)

  < 90

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  90–179

1.01 (0.73 to 1.38)

0.96 (0.67 to 1.39)

  ≥ 180

2.24 (1.48 to 3.38)

1.52 (0.89 to 2.58)

Blood loss (mL)

  0–200

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  201–400

1.21 (0.88 to 1.65)

1.48 (1.04 to 3.11)

  401–800

1.67 (1.20 to 2.32)

2.16 (1.45 to 3.21)

  > 800

3.69 (2.41 to 5.65)

4.13 (2.44 to 7.01)