Characteristics | Training/validation (n = 401) | Test (n = 649) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.0 (51.0–66.0) | 63.0 (55.0–70.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender | < 0.001 | ||
Female | 157 (39.2) | 333 (51.3) | |
Male | 244 (60.8) | 316 (48.1) | |
Tumor size, cm | 5.5 (3.7–7.5) | 5.5 (3.5–8.0) | 0.605 |
Tumor number | < 0.001 | ||
Single | 303 (75.6) | 402 (61.9) | |
Multiple | 98 (24.4) | 140 (21.6) | |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 107 (16.5) | |
Vascular invasion | < 0.001 | ||
Negative | 269 (67.1) | 316 (48.7) | |
Microvascular | 49 (12.2) | 158 (24.3) | |
Macrovascular | 83 (20.7) | 55 (8.5) | |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 120 (18.5) | |
Regional LNM | 0.819 | ||
Absent | 323 (80.5) | 519 (80.0) | |
Present | 78 (19.5) | 130 (20.0) | |
Number of regional LNM | 0.174 | ||
0 | 323 (80.5) | 519 (80.0) | |
1–2 | 48 (12.0) | 96 (14.8) | |
≥ 3 | 30 (7.5) | 34 (5.2) | |
Histological grade | < 0.001 | ||
Well to moderate | 144 (35.9) | 372 (57.3) | |
Poorly to undifferentiated | 257 (64.1) | 194 (29.9) | |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 83 (12.8) | |
Visceral peritoneum invasion | 0.268 | ||
No | 344 (85.8) | 572 (88.1) | |
Yes | 57 (14.2) | 77 (11.9) | |
Direct invasion of adjacent organ | 0.579 | ||
No | 363 (90.5) | 594 (91.5) | |
Yes | 38 (9.5) | 55 (8.5) | |
Fibrosis score | < 0.001 | ||
None to moderate fibrosis | 269 (67.1) | 118 (18.2) | |
Severe fibrosis or cirrhosis | 132 (32.9) | 31 (4.8) | |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 500 (77.0) | |
Type of surgery | < 0.001 | ||
Wedge or segmental resection | 209 (52.1) | 213 (32.8) | |
Lobectomy | 53 (13.2) | 241 (37.1) | |
Extended lobectomy | 117 (29.2) | 96 (14.8) | |
Extrahepatic bile duct resection | 22 (5.5) | 99 (15.3) | |
Median CSS time, monthsa | 29.6 (25.9–39.2) | 39.0 (35.0–44.0) | 0.011 |