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Table 1 Results of the combined assessment of various risk factors

From: A risk scoring system to predict the individual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer

Risk factors

No.a

Cases, n Exposure (+/−)

Controls, n Exposure (+/−)

Reference for data mining

Fixed effect model

Random effects model

OR

95%CI

P

OR

95%CI

P

Male sex

9

8533/8073

5,013,326/6,907,255

[7, 9, 22,23,24,25,26,27]

      

 Yes

    

1.16

1.12–1.20

0.001

1.18

1.02–1.37

0.031

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Caucasian ethnicity

6

16,790/7037

15,145,866/10,614,153

[8, 22,23,24,25, 27]

      

 Yes

    

1.77

1.72–1.83

0.001

1.41

1.16–1.73

0.001

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Family history of CRC

9

2350/8496

308,951/11,502,258

[7, 9, 22, 23, 25, 27]

      

 Yes

    

7.03

6.67–7.41

0.001

4.13

1.68–10.13

0.002

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Sedentary

5

294/1167

592/3175

[7, 9, 23, 28]

      

 Yes

    

1.26

1.06–1.48

0.007

1.33

1.05–1.70

0.02

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Smoking

9

10,860/16,576

8,367,277/17,375,989

[7, 8, 22,23,24,25, 27, 28]

      

 Yes

    

1.44

1.40–1.47

0.001

1.23

0.93–1.64

0.039

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Alcoholb

5

2852/5403

2,833,801/8,971,210

[7, 9, 23, 27, 28]

      

 Yes

    

1.66

1.58–1.75

0.001

1.52

1.28–1.80

0.001

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Obesity

10

12,195/15,887

8,114,710/17,676,715

[8, 22,23,24, 26, 27]

      

 Yes

    

2.30

2.25–2.36

0.001

1.42

1.13–1.78

0.003

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Hypertension

5

4794/22,980

2,886,828/22,846,354

[8, 22, 25,26,27]

      

 Yes

    

1.49

1.44–1.54

0.001

1.36

0.84–2.21

0.213

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Hyperlipidemia

5

5602/22,172

2,125,036/23,608,146

[8, 22, 25,26,27]

      

 Yes

    

2.11

2.05–2.19

0.001

1.39

0.94–2.06

0.099

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Diabetes

8

1663/25,143

494,375/13,511,324

[7,8,9, 22,23,24,25,26]

      

 Yes

    

1.47

1.39–1.55

0.001

1.25

1.04–1.50

0.019

 No

    

1

  

1

  

IBD

3

936/9716

396,324/11,446,050

[25,26,27]

      

 Yes

    

3.46

3.23–3.71

0.001

3.20

1.60–6.41

0.001

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Red meat

3

1214/1081

1260/1945

[7, 9, 23]

      

 Yes

    

1.12

1.07–1.17

0.001

1.12

1.07–1.17

0.001

 No

    

1

  

1

  

Processed meat

4

658/573

872/1443

[7, 9, 23, 28]

      

 Yes

    

1.10

1.03–1.19

0.007

1.24

0.99–1.55

0.064

 No

    

1

  

1

  

High school education

4

1572/2705

2174/4441

[7, 9, 23, 25]

      

 Less

    

1.14

1.09–1.20

0.001

1.49

0.78–2.87

0.230

 More

    

1

  

1

  
  1. aNumber of studies for meta-analysis
  2. bPooled effect estimates to obtain the highest exposure defined category compared with the lowest
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