Table 1 Included studies in qualitative analysis
Author | Year | Country | Type | Statin group | Non-statin group | LRx or LTx | Remarks and main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang [26] | 2021 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 46 | 774 | LRx | - Statins included atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin. - Statin use significantly reduced HCC recurrence (HR: 0.354; p value < 0.001). - The statin group had higher RFS than the non-statin group after propensity score matching. |
Young [27] | 2020 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 30 | 400 | LRx | - Statins included lovastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin. - Statin use (HR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94, p = 0.031) was significantly associated with decreased recurrence in univariate analysis. |
Cho [23] | 2019 | Korea | Retrospective | 112 | 235 | LTx | - The types of statins used in the study are not specified. - Statin therapy was associated with a reduced risk of HCC recurrence (OR = 0.38, 95% C I = 0.16–0.91). |
Nishio [28] | 2018 | Japan | Retrospective | 43 | 600 | LRx | - 17 patients used pravastatin, 15 patients atorvastatin, 7 patients rosuvastatin, and 4 patients pitavastatin. - Significant improvement of both RFS (5-year RFS, 55.4% in the statin group versus 25.0% in the non-statin group) and OS (5-year OS, 73.1% versus 56.7%, respectively) in perioperative statin users. |
Kawaguchi [20] | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | 31 | 703 | LRx | - Statins included pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastain. - The RFS was significantly higher in the statin than non-statin group (P < 0.001): the 1-, 3-, and 5- year RFS were 87.1, 76.7, and 76.7%, respectively, in the statin group, and 65.3, 40.6, and 32.9%, respectively, in the non-statin group. - The OS was not significantly different between the groups. |
Wu LL [22] | 2016 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 934 | 17,958 | LRx, and other treatments | - The types of statins used in the study are not specified. - Better OS with surgery and statin use compared with RFA/PEI and statin use (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.019, respectively, for stages I and III). |
Lee [29] | 2016 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 132 | 2078 | LRx | - The types of statins used in the study are not specified. - Use of statins and NSAIDs also can reduce the risk of recurrence of HCC and mortality after surgery. |
Yeh [30] | 2015 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 740 | 14,834 | LRx | - The types of statins used in the study are not specified. - The use of statin can significantly reduce risk of recurrent HCC (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42–0.61; P < 0.001). |
Wu Cy [31] | 2012 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 175 | 4394 | LRx | - The use of statin was significantly associated with lower risk of tumor recurrence (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53–0.87; p = 0.002). - The types of statins used in the study are not specified. |