Table 2 Characteristics stratified according to immunohistochemistry staining results. The total cohort of 188 patients with UICC stage II-IV colon cancer and the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with the relation to variables for each marker. We used non-parametric testing to investigate differences between patients with different marker results
HLA-G status | PD-L1 expression | CDX2 expression | CD3-CD8 infiltration | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | P | Low | High | p | Reduced | High | p | Low | High | p | |
N | 171 | 17 | 94 | 94 | 7 | 181 | 138 | 50 | ||||
Age, years (median, IQR) | 71.00 [65.00, 79.00] | 73.00 [65.00, 80.00] | 0.872 | 69.00 [63.25, 79.00] | 73.50 [66.00, 80.00] | 0.058 | 71.00 [65.50, 82.50] | 72.00 [65.00, 79.00] | 0.723 | 71.00 [65.00, 80.00] | 72.50 [65.25, 78.00] | 0.925 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Female | 87 (50.9) | 12 (70.6) | 0.194 | 48 (51.1) | 51 (54.3) | 0.770 | 6 (85.7) | 93 (51.4) | 0.162 | 68 (49.3) | 31 (62.0) | 0.168 |
Male | 84 (49.1) | 5 (29.4) | 46 (48.9) | 43 (45.7) | 1 (14.3) | 88 (48.6) | 70 (50.7) | 19 (38.0) | ||||
ASA Score | ||||||||||||
I | 16 (11.9) | 1 (9.1) | 0.734 | 8 (12.3) | 9 (11.1) | 0.108 | 1 (14.3) | 16 (11.5) | 0.133 | 14 (13.7) | 3 (6.8) | 0.467 |
II | 96 (71.1) | 9 (81.8) | 51 (78.5) | 54 (66.7) | 3 (42.9) | 102 (73.4) | 71 (69.6) | 34 (77.3) | ||||
III | 23 (17.0) | 1 (9.1) | 6 (9.2) | 18 (22.2) | 3 (42.9) | 21 (15.1) | 17 (16.7) | 7 (15.9) | ||||
Tobacco | ||||||||||||
Current smoker | 30 (17.6) | 3 (17.6) | 1.000 | 18 (19.4) | 15 (16.0) | 0.676 | 3 (42.9) | 30 (16.7) | 0.201 | 25 (18.2) | 8 (16.0) | 0.888 |
Former or never smoker | 140 (82.4) | 14 (82.4) | 75 (80.6) | 79 (84.0) | 4 (57.1) | 150 (83.3) | 112 (81.8) | 42 (84.0) | ||||
Tumour localization | ||||||||||||
Right-sided | 97 (56.7) | 6 (35.3) | 0.151 | 51 (54.3) | 52 (55.3) | 1.000 | 7 (100.0) | 96 (53.0) | 0.039 | 73 (52.9) | 30 (60.0) | 0.485 |
Left-sided | 74 (43.3) | 11 (64.7) | 43 (45.7) | 42 (44.7) | 0 (0.0) | 85 (47.0) | 65 (47.1) | 20 (40.0) | ||||
Preoperative liver metastases | ||||||||||||
No | 160 (93.6) | 14 (82.4) | 0.232 | 83 (88.3) | 91 (96.8) | 0.052 | 6 (85.7) | 168 (92.8) | 1.000 | 126 (91.3) | 48 (96.0) | 0.442 |
Yes | 11 (6.4) | 3 (17.6) | 11 (11.7) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (14.3) | 13 (7.2) | 12 (8.7) | 2 (4.0) | ||||
Preoperative lung metastases | ||||||||||||
No | 165 (96.5) | 17 (100.0) | 0.951 | 89 (94.7) | 93 (98.9) | 0.213 | 7 (100.0) | 175 (96.7) | 1.000 | 134 (97.1) | 48 (96.0) | 1.000 |
Yes | 6 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.3) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.3) | 4 (2.9) | 2 (4.0) | ||||
Urgency | ||||||||||||
Elective | 145 (84.8) | 12 (70.6) | 0.245 | 71 (75.5) | 86 (91.5) | 0.006 | 6 (85.7) | 151 (83.4) | 1.000 | 111 (80.4) | 46 (92.0) | 0.096 |
Acute | 26 (15.2) | 5 (29.4) | 23 (24.5) | 8 (8.5) | 1 (14.3) | 30 (16.6) | 27 (19.6) | 4 (8.0) | ||||
Procedure type | ||||||||||||
Right hemicolectomy including transverse resection | 98 (57.3) | 6 (35.3) | 0.009 | 53 (56.4) | 51 (54.3) | 0.764 | 7 (100.0) | 97 (53.6) | 0.053 | 75 (54.3) | 29 (58.0) | 0.906 |
Left hemicolectomy | 68 (39.8) | 8 (47.1) | 38 (40.4) | 38 (40.4) | 0 (0.0) | 76 (42.0) | 57 (41.3) | 19 (38.0) | ||||
Colectomy | 5 (2.9) | 3 (17.6) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.4) | 6 (4.3) | 2 (4.0) | ||||
Perioperative blood transfusion | ||||||||||||
No | 149 (87.6) | 13 (76.5) | 0.359 | 82 (87.2) | 80 (86.0) | 0.977 | 7 (100.0) | 155 (86.1) | 0.622 | 116 (84.7) | 46 (92.0) | 0.289 |
Yes | 21 (12.4) | 4 (23.5) | 12 (12.8) | 13 (14.0) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (13.9) | 21 (15.3) | 4 (8.0) | ||||
Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo) | ||||||||||||
0 (no complications) | 113 (66.5) | 13 (76.5) | 0.482 | 60 (64.5) | 66 (70.2) | 0.423 | 4 (57.1) | 122 (67.8) | 0.476 | 92 (67.2) | 34 (68.0) | 0.980 |
1–2 | 11 (6.5) | 2 (11.8) | 9 (9.7) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (7.2) | 9 (6.6) | 4 (8.0) | ||||
3–4 | 38 (22.4) | 2 (11.8) | 19 (20.4) | 21 (22.3) | 3 (42.9) | 37 (20.6) | 30 (21.9) | 10 (20.0) | ||||
5 (death) | 8 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.4) | 6 (4.4) | 2 (4.0) | ||||
UICC stage | ||||||||||||
II | 85 (49.7) | 5 (29.4) | 0.171 | 36 (38.3) | 54 (57.4) | 0.012 | 1 (14.3) | 89 (49.2) | 0.065 | 58 (42.0) | 32 (64.0) | 0.029 |
III | 73 (42.7) | 9 (52.9) | 46 (48.9) | 36 (38.3) | 4 (57.1) | 78 (43.1) | 67 (48.6) | 15 (30.0) | ||||
IV | 13 (7.6) | 3 (17.6) | 12 (12.8) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (28.6) | 14 (7.7) | 13 (9.4) | 3 (6.0) | ||||
Histological type | ||||||||||||
Adenocarcinoma NOS | 111 (64.9) | 13 (76.5) | 0.412 | 64 (68.1) | 60 (63.8) | 0.863 | 2 (28.6) | 122 (67.4) | 0.003 | 94 (68.1) | 30 (60.0) | 0.491 |
Adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated | 28 (16.4) | 4 (23.5) | 15 (16.0) | 17 (18.1) | 3 (42.9) | 29 (16.0) | 20 (14.5) | 12 (24.0) | ||||
Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 29 (17.0) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (14.9) | 15 (16.0) | 1 (14.3) | 28 (15.5) | 21 (15.2) | 8 (16.0) | ||||
Signet ring cell carcinoma | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Other carcinoma type | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Microsatellite instability | ||||||||||||
MSS | 129 (75.4) | 15 (88.2) | 0.374 | 80 (85.1) | 64 (68.1) | 0.010 | 2 (28.6) | 142 (78.5) | 0.009 | 112 (81.2) | 32 (64.0) | 0.024 |
MSI | 42 (24.6) | 2 (11.8) | 14 (14.9) | 30 (31.9) | 5 (71.4) | 39 (21.5) | 26 (18.8) | 18 (36.0) | ||||
Resection margin | ||||||||||||
R0 (no residual tumor cells) | 155 (94.5) | 15 (93.8) | 1.000 | 82 (94.3) | 88 (94.6) | 1.000 | 5 (71.4) | 165 (95.4) | 0.061 | 123 (93.9) | 47 (95.9) | 0.871 |
R1 (micro- or macroscopic residual tumor) | 9 (5.5) | 1 (6.2) | 5 (5.7) | 5 (5.4) | 2 (28.6) | 8 (4.6) | 8 (6.1) | 2 (4.1) | ||||
Adjuvant chemo-therapy | ||||||||||||
No | 99 (57.9) | 8 (47.1) | 0.546 | 47 (50.0) | 60 (63.8) | 0.077 | 3 (42.9) | 104 (57.5) | 0.707 | 79 (57.2) | 28 (56.0) | 1.000 |
Yes | 72 (42.1) | 9 (52.9) | 47 (50.0) | 34 (36.2) | 4 (57.1) | 77 (42.5) | 59 (42.8) | 22 (44.0) | ||||
Follow-up time, months (median, IQR) | 47.34 [16.18, 59.98] | 8.94 [3.22, 42.35] | 0.009 | 37.85 [9.87, 59.57] | 45.72 [14.56, 59.94] | 0.551 | 6.34 [3.91, 39.10] | 42.35 [12.06, 59.79] | 0.217 | 37.57 [9.49, 59.90] | 48.51 [23.70, 59.76] | 0.307 |