Fig. 5
From: Restricting tumor lactic acid metabolism using dichloroacetate improves T cell functions
DCA elicits enhanced T cell cytokine secretion. 2 × 105 T cells were co-cultured at a 1:1 ratio with DCA treated Raji cells. The supernatants were collected after 24 h and the levels of IFN-γ (A) and IL-2 (B) were evaluated by ELISA. (C) IFN-γ and IL-2 levels normalized to the T-Media group. Data are presented as mean ± SD from 3 different experiments. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between groups. Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare means. (***P < 0.001) IL: interleukin, SD: standard deviation. Simple lines above the bars in the bar graph show comparisons between multiple groups, but the capped line shows a comparison between certain two groups