Fig. 4
From: Restricting tumor lactic acid metabolism using dichloroacetate improves T cell functions
DCA enhances proliferation capacities of T cells. 2 × 105 mitomycin C-treated Raji cells were cultured in the presence or absence of DCA (1 mM) for 24 h. After removal of DCA, CFSE-labeled T cells were co-cultured with DCA treated-Raji cell at a 1:1 ratio for 72 h in the presence of anti-CD3ε/CD28 antibody. Anti-CD3 staining was used to differentiate T cells from tumor cells. CFSE dilution was used as an indicator of cell proliferation. (A) Representative gating strategy. Cells were gated on a forward vs. side scatter dot plot and CD3 positive cells were gated. (B) Histograms depict the percentage of divided T cells in five groups. (C) Overlaid histogram CFSE labeled T cells. (D) The bar graph displays the average percentage of proliferated T cells in different conditions. Data are presented as mean ± SD from 3 different experiments. On e-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between groups. Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare means. (***P < 0.001) IL: interleukin, CFSE: carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, SD: standard deviation. Simple lines above the bars in the bar graph show comparisons between multiple groups, for example, the line above the T-media is depicting a comparison between the T-media group and all other groups, but the capped line shows a comparison between certain two groups