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Table 4 Comparison of outcome measurements across all available time points, from linear mixed models

From: The benefits and acceptability of virtual reality interventions for women with metastatic breast cancer in their homes; a pilot randomised trial

Measure

Comparison

Estimated marginal mean difference

95% CI

p-value

Raw mean difference (SD)

EQ-5D-5L Index a

Post vs Pre

0.06

[0.03, 0.09]

<  0.001

0.06 (0.13)

EQ-5D-5L VAS a

Post vs Pre

724.65

[21.04, 1428.25]

0.044

6.78 (26.17)

FACIT-Fatigue

Post vs Pre

−3.94

[−5.83, −2.05]

<  0.001

−3.88 (7.49)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

−5.00

[−7.03, −2.98]

<  0.001

−5.00 (9.10)

 

Follow-up vs Post

−1.07

[−2.97, 2.83]

0.272

−1.15 (7.34)

BPI

Post vs Pre

− 2.17

[− 5.77, 1.43]

0.236

− 2.07 (15.03)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

−6.01

[−10.13, − 1.90]

0.004

− 5.66 (19.89)

 

Follow-up vs Post

−3.84

[−7.46, −0.22]

0.038

−4.30 (15.49)

DASS Total b

Post vs Pre

−0.42

[−0.73, −0.11]

0.008

−5.14 (17.05)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

−0.92

[−1.27, − 0.57]

<  0.001

−8.82 (15.41)

 

Follow-up vs Post

−0.5

[− 0.81, − 0.19]

0.002

− 4.12 (10.46)

DASS Depression b

Post vs Pre

− 0.48

[− 0.71, − 0.24]

<  0.001

−3.00 (7.58)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

− 0.69

[− 0.96, − 0.43]

<  0.001

− 3.69 (7.03)

 

Follow-up vs Post

− 0.22

[−.46, 0.02]

0.077

−1.01 (4.17)

DASS Anxiety b

Post vs Pre

− 0.13

[− 0.39, 0.13]

0.320

− 0.66 (4.33)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

−0.55

[− 0.82, − 0.28]

<  0.001

−1.80 (4.10)

 

Follow-up vs Post

− 0.42

[− 0.68, − 0.16]

0.001

− 1.22 (3.16)

DASS Stress b

Post vs Pre

−0.19

[− 0.43, 0.05]

0.117

−1.37 (6.92)

 

Follow-up vs Pre

−0.55

[−0.82, − 0.29]

<  0.001

−3.07 (6.49)

 

Follow-up vs Post

− 0.36

[− 0.60, − 0.12]

0.003

−1.77 (5.37)

  1. a scores analysed using squared transformation
  2. b scores analysed using square root transformation