Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease-specific survival (DSS) among PDAC patients (n = 236)

Age, >  65 years

1.14 (0.85–1.53)

0.389

0.883

Gender, female / male

1.12 (0.84–1.50)

0.425

0.573

 I–II

1 (ref)

–

–

 III–IV

1.04 (0.78–1.38)

0.815

0.830

Blood group A, B or AB

1.22 (0.86–1.73)

0.275

 Ca 19–9 ≥ 37 kU/l

1.75 (1.24–2.48)

0.002

0.040

 CEA > 5.0 μg/l

1.53 (1.05–2.22)

0.027

0.285

 Albumin > 36 g/l

0.69 (0.51–0.92)

0.011

0.091

 Bilirubin > 20 μmol/l

1.38 (1.03–1.84)

0.030

 CRP > 5 mg/l

1.75 (1.20–2.55)

0.004

 log CRP

1.90 (1.20–3.01)

0.006

 Hs-CRP > 3 mg/l

1.56 (1.12–2.18)

0.009

 log Hs-CRP

1.64 (1.22–2.20)

0.001

 T1–2

1 (ref)

–

–

 T3–4

1.48 (1.04–2.10)

0.029

0.922

 N0

1 (ref)

–

–

 N1–2

1.85 (1.30–2.63)

0.001

0.007

 1

1 (ref)

–

–

 2

1.08 (0.69–1.70)

0.741

 3

1.99 (1.13–3.49)

0.017

  ≤ 30 mm

1 (ref)

–

–

  > 30 mm

1.72 (1.28–2.30)

0.000

0.031

Perivascular invasion

1.21 (0.49–3.00)

0.680

Perineural invasion

1.96 (0.88–4.35)

0.100

Adjuvant treatment

1.01 (0.98–1.05)

0.407

1 (ref)

–

 Mild fibrosis

0.98 (0.52–1.84)

0.939

1.44 (0.82–2.52)

0.201

 Severe fibrosis

1.92 (1.15–3.21)

0.013

 No fibrosis

1 (ref)

–

 Mild fibrosis

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

0.824

 Moderate fibrosis

1.67 (1.04–2.69)

0.033

 Severe fibrosis

1.95 (1.27–3.01)

0.002

 No atrophy

1 (ref)

–

 Mild atrophy

1.03 (0.59–1.79)

0.924

 Moderate atrophy

1.92 (1.23–3.00)

0.004

 Severe atrophy

1.92 (1.30–2.82)

0.001

 No chronic inflammation

1 (ref)

–

 Mild chronic inflammation

1.57 (1.11–2.21)

0.010

 Moderate chronic inflammation

1.85 (1.26–2.74)

0.002

 Severe chronic inflammation

1.90 (0.69–5.25)

0.214

No fibrosis, atrophy and chronic inflammation

1 (ref)

–

–

Peri- or intralobular fibrosis

1.03 (0.57–1.84)

0.929

0.893

Fibrosis and atrophy

1.89 (1.28–2.77)

0.001

0.002

Fibrosis, atrophy and inflammation

2.03 (1.33–3.09)

0.001

0.038