n = 236 | |
---|---|
Age at the time of surgery (in years) | 67.5 (39.2–85.9) |
Sex, male / female | 123 (52.1%) / 113 (47.9%) |
ASA class | |
I–II | 110 (46.6%) |
III–IV | 126 (53.4%) |
BMI (kg/m2) (n = 210) | 25.3 (15.8–40.1) |
Tobacco smoking (n = 227) | |
Never smoker | 115 (48.7%) |
Current smoker | 46 (19.5%) |
Former smoker | 58 (24.6%) |
Alcohol consumption (n = 231) | |
Ongoing alcohol misuse | 20 (8.5%) |
Heavy alcohol intake (ever) | 28 (11.9%) |
History of diabetes mellitus | |
No | 174 (73.7%) |
Yes | 62 (26.3%) |
Duration of diabetes, in months (n = 34) | 12.0 (1.0–336.0) |
Blood type | |
A | 117 (49.6%) |
B | 40 (16.9%) |
AB | 27 (11.4%) |
O | 52 (22.0%) |
Symptoms | |
Jaundice (n = 235) | 184 (78.0%) |
Abdominal or back pain (n = 235) | 105 (44.5%) |
Weight loss (n = 234) | 96 (40.7%) |
Steatorrhea (n = 234) | 26 (11.0%) |
Preoperative imaging | |
CT | 232 (98.3%) |
MRCP | 67 (28.4%) |
Upper abdominal MRI | 61 (25.8%) |
US | 199 (84.3%) |
EUS | 29 (12.3%) |
EUS-FNA | 18 (7.6%) |
FDG-PET-CT | 5 (2.1) |
Preoperative blood test | |
CRP (mg/l) (n = 149) | 5.0 (1.0–124.0) |
High-sensitivity CRP (mg/l) (n = 186) | 3.4 (0.06–135.5) |
Total bilirubin (μmol/l) | 17.0 (4.0–511.0) |
Ca 19–9 (kU/l) (n = 231) | 139.0 (1.0–35,770.0) |
CEA (μg/l) (n = 229) | 2.7 (1.0–68.9) |
Albumin (g/l) (n = 234) | 36.5 (22.6–46.5) |
Location of pancreatic cancer | |
Head of the pancreas | 232 (99.2%) |
Body of the pancreas | 2 (0.8%) |
T status (n = 235) | |
T1 | 25 (10.6%) |
T2 | 164 (69.5%) |
T3 | 37 (15.7%) |
T4 | 9 (3.8%) |
LN metastasis (n = 234) | |
N0 | 62 (26.3%) |
N1 | 171 (72.5%) |
N2 | 1 (0.4%) |
Tumor size (mm) (n = 232) | |
≤30 mm | 123 (52.1%) |
> 30 mm | 109 (46.2%) |
Perivascular invasion (n = 201) | 77 (32.6%) |
Perineural invasion (n = 216) | 174 (73.7%) |
R status (n = 231) | |
R0 | 178 (75.4%) |
R1 | 55 (22.5%) |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | 147 (62.3%) |