Table 1 Baseline characteristics of gastric cancer patients in AHMU (development) cohort and MMH (validation) cohort
Clinical characteristics | AHMU cohort [n (%), n = 401] | MMH cohort [n (%), n = 214] | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 61, 53 ~ 68 | 66, 57 ~ 73 | < 0.001 |
  <  70 | 318 (79.3) | 139 (65.0) | < 0.001 |
 70 ~ | 83 (20.7) | 75 (35.0) | |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.083 |
 Male | 267 (66.6) | 157 (73.4) |  |
 Female | 134 (33.4) | 57 (26.6) |  |
Synchronous or metachronous metastasis | Â | Â | 0.275 |
 Synchronous | 169 (42.1) | 100 (46.7) |  |
 Metachronous | 232 (57.9) | 114 (53.3) |  |
Gastrectomy | Â | Â | 0.976 |
 None | 150 (37.4) | 82 (38.3) |  |
 Curative | 211 (52.6) | 111 (51.9) |  |
 Palliative | 40 (10.0) | 21 (9.8) |  |
ECOG score at first episode of metastasis |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0 ~ 1 | 319 (79.6) | 125 (58.4) |  |
 2 ~ | 82 (20.4) | 89 (41.6) |  |
WHO histology | Â | Â | 0.352 |
 Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma | 362 (90.3) | 198 (92.5) |  |
 Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 39 (9.7) | 16 (7.5) |  |
Tumor grade | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 G1–2 | 70 (17.5) | 33 (15.4) |  |
 G3–4 | 233 (58.1) | 154 (72.0) |  |
 Unknown | 98 (24.4) | 27 (12.6) |  |
Metastatic to (first episode of metastasis) | Â | Â | Â |
 Liver | 125 (31.2) | 90 (42.1) | 0.007 |
 Lung | 40 (10.0) | 70 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
 Bone | 28 (7.0) | 21 (9.8) | 0.217 |
 Distant lymph node | 219 (54.6) | 135 (63.1) | 0.043 |
 Peritoneal/Malignant ascites | 62 (15.5) | 40 (18.7) | 0.305 |
Number of involved organs in first episode of metastasis |  |  | < 0.001 |
 1 | 308 (76.8) | 115 (53.7) |  |
 2 ~ | 93 (23.2) | 99 (46.3) |  |
Resection of metastatic tumor | Â | Â | 0.088 |
 Yes | 8 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 No | 393 (98.0) | 214 (100.0) |  |
Palliative chemotherapy |  |  | < 0.001 |
 With | 347 (86.5) | 150 (70.1) |  |
 Without | 54 (13.5) | 64 (29.9) |  |
Blood test during first episode of metastasis | |||
HGB level (g/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 113.0, 98.0 ~ 123.0 | 108.5, 88.0 ~ 122.0 | 0.022 |
  < 90 | 62 (15.5) | 55 (25.7) | 0.002 |
 90 ~ | 339 (84.5) | 159 (74.3) | |
Platelet count (×109/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 200, 148 ~ 278 | 193, 136 ~ 252 | 0.035 |
  <  300 | 325 (81.0) | 189 (88.3) | 0.020 |
 300 ~ | 76 (19.0) | 25 (11.7) | |
ALB level (g/L) (mean, SD) | 38.2, 5.1 | 36.2, 5.9 | < 0.001 |
  <  38 | 179 (44.6) | 130 (60.7) | < 0.001 |
 38 ~ | 222 (55.4) | 84 (39.3) | |
LDH level (U/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 183, 153 ~ 243 | 178, 147 ~ 242 | 0.443 |
  <  220 | 281 (70.1) | 145 (67.8) | 0.553 |
 220 ~ | 120 (29.9) | 69 (32.2) | |
CEA level (ng/mL) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 5.1, 2.0 ~ 36.4 | 6.2, 2.7 ~ 33.1 | 0.142 |
  <  8 | 225 (56.1) | 119 (55.6) | 0.862 |
 8 ~ | 115 (28.7) | 59 (27.6) | |
 100 ~ | 61 (15.2) | 36 (16.8) | |