Table 2 Comparison of expression levels of TGF-β1 and other factors between benign and malignant breast lesions (x ± s)

TGF-β1^a

0.1038 ± 0.0092

0.2995 ± 0.01114

13.300

<0.001

Smad2/3^a

0.0745 ± 0.0497

0.2511 ± 0.0754

16.160

<0.001

Erk1/2^a

0.1242 ± 0.0552

0.2547 ± 0.0667

12.300

<0.001

p38 MAPK^a

0.0459 ± 0.0516

0.2613 ± 0.0914

15.930

<0.001

JNK2^a

0.1101 ± 0.0549

0.2558 ± 0.0720

12.450

<0.001

PI3K^a

0.1240 ± 0.0702

0.3425 ± 0.0608

16.640

<0.001

AKT^a

0.0741 ± 0.0546

0.2166 ± 0.0679

13.070

<0.001