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Table 2 Lung cancer risk for only antihypertensive groups and combination aspirin groups*

From: Antihypertensive treatments and risks of lung Cancer: a large population-based cohort study in Hong Kong

Exposure

Anti-hypertensives

Anti-hypertensives + Aspirin

N

Cases

HR

95% CI

p

N

Cases

HR

95% CI

p

All Anti-hypertensives

238,073

6592 (Control: 3192)

0.63

0.60–0.66

< 0.001

182,663

4470 (Control:3215)

0.64

0.60–0.68

< 0.001

 ACEi/ARB

4986

78 (Control: 655)

0.45

0.32–0.62

< 0.001

2140

67 (Control: 637)

0.71

0.48–1.05

0.090

β-blocker

7085

158 (Control: 614)

0.79

0.65–0.96

0.017

5980

143 (Control: 687)

0.81

0.62–1.05

0.115

 CCB

22,925

570 (Control: 618)

0.89

0.73–1.08

0.222

4816

169 (Control: 664)

0.82

0.64–1.06

0.129

α-blocker

11,297

438 (Control: 438)

0.61

0.48–0.77

< 0.001

1041

46 (Control: 454)

0.53

0.34–0.84

0.007

  1. Note: *Ref. group: Control; Age, sex, comorbidities, and medications were adjusted in the model;
  2. Abbreviations: N, number of participants; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker